580 NORTH AMElllCAN BIRDS, 



B. Bill with the upper mandible black, the lower yollnw. Ash of the 

 juguluin fading gradually into tiie grayish-wliite of the abdomen. 



4. J. oinereuB. Whole back, w'apnlars, wing-coverts, and tortiala 

 rufous. 



Tlu'oat and juguluin pale ash ; back bright rufous. Wing, 

 3.10; tail, 3.00; bill, .3-1 and .25; tarsus, .80. Hah. Table- 

 lands an<l mountains ol' Mexico. . . . var. c t H erews.' 



Throat and jugulum deep ash ; back dull, or olivaceous- 

 rufous. Wing, 3.15; tail, 3.10; bill, .44 and .34; tarsus, .90. 

 Hub, High mountains of (ruateniala. . . . var. alticola.* 



Junco hyemalis, Si;later, 



SNOWBntO. 



Fringilla hyemalis, Linn. .Syst. Nat. I, (lOtli uil.,) 1758, 183 (not of Omelin or Latham). 



— AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 72 ; V, .'505, iil. xiii. — Max. Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 277. 

 Fringilla (ispiza) hyfmulis, lioN. Syn. 1828, lOi). Emberiza hyemalis, LiNN. Syst. 

 Nat. I, 176t), 308. Strulhus hiicmalis, Bon. List, 1838. — In. Consp. 1850, 475. 

 Nipheea hyemalis, AuD. Syiioi>.si.s, 1839, 106. — 1b. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 88, pi. clxvii. 

 Juneo hyemulin, Sclateu, Pr. Zoiil. Soc. 1857, 7. — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 468. 



— COUE.S, P. A. N. S. 1861, 224. — DALL& Bannlstek, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 284.— 

 SAMtiEi..s, 314. Fringilla hiidsonia, FoitsTEU, Philos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 428. — 

 Gmei.in, 1, 1788, 926. —Wilson's Index, VI, 1812, p. xiii. Fringilla nivalis, 

 Wii.suN, II, 1810, 129, pi. xvi, f. 6. 



Sp. CiiAU. Everywlieic of a grayish or dark ashy-blaok, deepest anteriorly ; the mid- 

 dle of the breast behind and of tiie belly, the under tail-coverts, and first and second 

 external tail-feathers, white ; the third tail-feather white, margined with black. Length, 

 G.25 ; wing, about 3. Female paler. In winter washed with brownish. Young streaked 

 above and below. 



Had. Eastern L^nited States to the Missoui'i, and as far west as Black Hills. Stragglers 

 at Fort Whipple, Arizona, and mountains of Colorado. 



The wing is rounded ; the .second quill longest ; the third, fourth, and 

 (ifth, successively, a little shorter; the first longer than the sixth. Tail 

 slightly rounded, and a little emargiuate. Tn the full spring dress there is 



' Junco cinereiis, Cauanis, Mexican Snowbird. Fringilla cincrea, Svv. Syn. Birds Mex. in 

 Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 435. Junco cinereits, CAnANis, Mus. Hoin. 1850, 134. — Bahid, Birds 

 N. Am. 1858, 465. "Fringilla rufidorais, Licnr.," Bonai'autr ; probably a catalogue name. 

 Junco phoMmlus, Waglek, Isis, 1831, 526.--- Bonap. Coniptes Rendus, XXXVII, 518. 



Sr. CliAli. Ash-color above ; with a broad ipuidrate interscapular patch of rufous-chestnut, 

 this extending over the wing-coverts and inner secondaries. Beneath paler ash, lighter in 

 middle region below, but without distinct lino of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye 

 dusky ; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathers white, but dusky at base and on outer web 

 at end ; the amount increasing internally. Upper bill entirely black ; lower yellow. Length, 

 3.40; height of bill, .25; culmen, .46. Hah. Table-lands of Mexico. 



^ Junco allicola, Salvin, Guatemalan Snowbird. Junco alticola, Sai.vin, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 

 (Higldands, Guatemala). — In. Ibis, 1866, 193. 



Sp. (.'har. Similar to./, cincreu.% but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between 

 tile rufous of l)aek and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger : height, .34 ; 

 culmen, .56. /f<i.h. Highlands of (tualeniala. . 



