320 NUUTII xV.MHUlUAN BIRDS. 



Sr. PllAR. Bill very liiru'i' iiml stout. Tail couspii'iionsly Ibil^'cl. Wiii^'.s lonj;; the 

 lii'sl six (luills iitli'liiiiilcMl iiliiii|)lly, iimcli JDiiircr iIkiii the si'vciilli. Ti'ilials iiiiii'li 

 (U'\i'l(]liril, iiciiily iiilcniiciliiilc ill li'iij^lh lit'twcfii llic loiijjosl pniiiarii'S luiil the shortest 

 sccoiKliiiy. Aliovc, iiinl on llie sides ol' llie lieail and iieek, a,-li-;:i-ay, shaded in jilaoes 

 with lii'owii, whieh loi'ins the middle ])orti()ii oCeaidi feather. Downy portion ixt the base 

 of enoh leather ahove lif,dil ash, then lii,'ht brown, lippeil and edged with darker ash-gray. 

 TluMnotlhid ap|iearanee is eaused by the lirowii showing from iindor the leathers; the 

 ear-eoverls darker. A eonei'aled colored paleli on the crown, formed by the base of the 

 feathers, white belbre an<i behind, orange in the middle. Lower parts grayish-while, 

 tingeil wilh ash ai'ross the lireasl. dee[)est anteriorly. Sides of the breast similar to, Imt 

 lighter than, the baek. Tnder wing-edverls and axillars pale siilphnr-yellow. The wings 

 lirown, darker to the tips ; the secondaries narrowly, the terlials more broadly, edged wilh 

 (hill white. Edges of tiie coverl.** paler. Alula dark brown. Tail .similar in color to the 

 quills. Upper tiiil-coverls brown. ]}ill and lect black. Length, 8.0tl ; wing, 4.05; tail, 

 4.00; tarsus, .70. 



Young. Lesser wing-eoverts and upper tail-covert.s distinelly bordered Avilh pale 

 oehraeeous ; tail-feathers bordered all round with a deeper shade of the same. No 

 colored patch on the crown. 



ir.vn. South Carolina coast, accidental ; Florida Keys and West Indies ; Nicaragua ; New 

 Granada. Santa Cm/. (.Xkwton, Ibis I, 140, eggs); Carlhagcna, N. G. (Cass. I'. A.N. S. 

 1800, 143); Cuba (Cau. .T. Ill, 478, breeds; Gundl. Rep. 1805, 238, " JM ,</mT«.s' ") ; 

 .Tamaica (Gossk, 13. J. 10!), breeds; Maiscii, P. A. N. S. 1803. 287) ; St. Thomas (Cass. 

 r. A. N. S. 18(i0, 375); Sombrero (Lawh. Ann. N. Y. Lye. VIII, 1804, 9!), '' yriscus"); 

 Greytown, Nicar. (Lawu. Ann. 183j; Sta. Bartholumy (Sund. 180!), 584); Mas.sachusetts 

 (Maysaki., B. E. Mass. 1870, 124). 



Tliis .species, thoutjh about the same size as the T. mroHucnsin, is much 

 nuiro powcri'uUy built, tlie bill ami feet being much stronger, the former 

 con,siderubly longer than the head, and as large as that of Suiiropluifju-s 

 sulphuriitus, though less compressed. 



Specimens from Nicaragua and New Granada ap]iear to be almost per- 

 feetl}' iilenti(;al with those from Florida and the West Indies, differing only 

 in being just iippreciably smaller, which, however, might be expected from 

 tiieir more southern habitat. 



H.\mTS. The Gray Kingbird — the T'ii)iry Flycatcher of Audubon, or Oray 

 Petchary of Jamaica — is, exce]it in Florida, of .scarcely more than occasional 

 occurrence within the limits of the United Sttites. A single specimen has been 

 taken in Massachusetts. This was .shot in Lynn, October 2;^, 18()8, and was 

 in immature ])lumagc. The bird was siiot on a tree near one of tlie streets 

 of tliat city by Mr. Charles (biodall. Mr. Audubon also ibuiid these birds 

 quite common on tlie Florida Keys, iilmost eveiy K(\v, however smidl, having 

 its pair. A ]iair was observed breeding in the college yard at Charleston, 

 S. C., liy Dr. Uachman ; and for at least three yetirs in succession they regu- 

 larly returned ctich year, and raised two broods in a season. Tiiis Flyciitcher 

 is abundant in St. Croix, Cuba, Jamaica, and in the other West India Isl- 

 ands. In the first-named locality ^Ir. Alfred Newton found it one of the 

 most conspicuous and commonest birds over the entire island. Its favor- 

 ite station, he states, was the top of the spearlike unexpanded frond of a tall 



