524 NORTH AMERICAN LIKDS. 



Ficus borealis, Xivall. 



BES-COCKADED WOODFECKEB. 



Picus ImraU.i, Vieim.ot, Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, titi, I'l. cxxii. — Stki'IIKNs, in Sliaw's 

 (ieii. ZoiJl. IX, 1817, 174. — H-uiiii, Birds N. Am. 1858, DO. — Cas.si.n, I'r. A. N. S. 

 18();i, 201. - (iu.w, Catal. 18(if<, SO. — .\i,i,i:x, 15. E. KIu. a05. — Sundkvam,, Coiis)). 

 18(J(j, 21. T/iri'iKi/iijKi liiimilh, I'Aii. k Hkin. Mils. Hciii. IV, 2, 7o. I'ican qiiiriilitu, 

 Wilson-, Am. Oiii. II, 1810, 103, pi. xv, f. 1. — VVaulkis, Syst. Av. 1827, No. 21. — 

 In. Lsis, 1820, 510. - Arn. Oin. Itiog. V, 1830, 12, pi. ceclxxxix. — Id. Itiids Am. IV, 

 1842, 2.")4, pi. n-Ixiv. — Br. Coiisi>. 1850, 137. — (;a.s.six, IV A. N'.S. 1803 (.soiitlicnimost 

 race). I'ii'ti.s (I'liirnopiem) qiirrtihis. Hi'. Coiis]). Zyy. Aton. Ital. 1854, 8. I'icux leiicotia, 

 Ilmcku (lido Li(liti'iist4'iii in letter to Wagler ; )icrliaps only a catalogue name). — 

 LiCHT. Verzcieh. 1823, 12, No. 81. Picus viril/o/i, Waoleu, Syst. Av. 1827, No. 20. 



Sp. Ciiah. Fourth (piill (not counting the .spuriou.'!) longest. First nearer tip of fifth 

 than of sixth, intcrniediato between the two. Uppi-r parts, with top and sides of tlie 

 head, hhiek. Haek, rump, and scapulars handed transversely with white; rpiills spotted 

 with white on both webs; middle and greater coverts spotted. Bristles of bill, under 

 parts generally, and a silky patch on the side of the head, white. Sides of breast and 

 body .streaked with black. First and .second outer tail-feathers wliite, barred with black 

 on inner web. Outer web of the third mostly wliite. A short, very inconspiituous 

 narrow streak of silky .sc, rlet on the side of the head a short distance behind the eye, 

 along tilt! junction of the white and black (tliis is wanting in the female); a narrow short 

 lino of white just above the eye. Length, about 7.2.') ; wing, 4.50; tail, .'5.2.'). 



Hab. Southern Statc^s^ becoming vcM-y rare north to Pennsylvania. 



This .species difl'ers from the other Laiided "Woodpeckers, as stated in the 

 diagnosis, in having a hirge ]iatcli of white behind the eye, inchiding the 

 ears and sides of head, and not traversed by a black post-ocular stripe. The 

 bands of the back, as in P. nnttuUi, do not reach the nape, nor extend over 

 the upper tail-covert. The wliite patch occupies almost exactly the same 

 area as tlie black one in vnttoUi ; the white space covered by the .supra- 

 orbital and malar stripes, and the white patch on side of nape, of the latter 

 species being here black. 



According to Mr. Cassin, southern specimens which he distinguishes as 

 P. qticnthi/i from I', hovcalis of I'eunsylvania, differ in smaller number of 

 transverse bars on the back, and shorter f[uills, and in fewer white spots on 

 the wing-coverts and outer ])rimaries. The black band on the back of neck 

 is wider. Tliis therefore exhiliits the same tendency to melanism, in more 

 southern specimens, that has been already indicated for P. vil/otim, scalaris, 

 etc. 



Habit.s. The Ked-cockaded "Woodpecker has a restricted distriliution to the 

 Southeastern Atlantic States, being rarely met with so far north as Pennsyl- 

 vania. Georgia and Florida are the oidy localities reiiresented in the Smith- 

 sonian collection, though other Southern States not named have furnished 

 specimens. It has been met with as far to the west as Ea,stern Texas and the 

 Indian Territory, where Dr. Woodhouse speaks of having found them com- 



