PICID.K — T!IK VV(J()I)I'1<X'KKIW. 543 



Sp. Ciiab. Markinjjs, >,'cnciiilly, 111 in S. nirinK. A ri'ii iiudml t'lTscciit. liclly ycllow- 

 isli-wliitc. Tlu' ri'il uf lUv llinmt cxiiMiilin;: over iiml uliliicriiiin^' ilic MaiU .slii|n' rinin ilii> 

 lower limmlilili', t'Xi;u|)l on llic niilc ol' llii' jiiw. I'dsl-ni'iilar liliuk piilcli tiii},'cil willi rt'd. 

 St'coiKliii'ifS witli litllf or 110 wliiti' (111 mitcr wi'lw. Tail-li'iillior.- Iiliick, .si'iirucly varicil; 

 tli(^ iniit'iiiKist willi iiiiii'r well, as in t<(irliis, l-'cinalc similar, Iml willi tin' I'iiiii \vliili>; 

 tliu throat rcil, liorilcrcil, as 1 \ male, liy a lilaek stripe I'rom the hill to the hlaiU peetoral 

 pnteh. F.eii},'tli, H.tIO; winjr. i)."l); tail, .I..".! I. 



IIab. Miil(ll(! Proviiieu of riiite<l Stales. Localities; Fort Molmvo (L'ooi'ku, I'r. C'al. 

 Ac. 18G1, 122); W. Arizona (Coi:ks, I'. A. X. S. l.Stiti, o,!). 



This bird, first indicated iis a .siiiiplo variety of (S'. niriii», is yet a.s deuideilly 

 distinct and constant in its inarkine;s a.s a liir;,'e nunilier of wiiat are consid- 

 ered to be valid species. Tiie priiiciiKil dill'erences i'roiu rnriiis liave been 

 mentioned idiove: they consist mainly in tlie greater development of red, as 

 seen in wider throat-patcii ; nuduil crescent ; tine;e on cheek ; a f^reater 

 lunount of black, shown in unspotted outer webs of secondaries and blacker 

 tail, and in the paler colors l)elo\v. The most strikino- iiectdiarity is in the 

 half-red throat of the female, which is entirely white in rurln.i. Tiie lij,dit 

 markings of the back are more distinctly arranged in two lines enclosing a 

 median of lilack, which show no concealed white sp(jts as in variiis. 'J"he 

 breast is nnicli iKiler, only slightly tinged with yellow, instead of the rich 

 color to which S. cariii>i owes its trivial name. 



Young birds vaiy in color to the same e.Kcessivo degree as in riirlm. 



Hauit.'^. This form, clo.sely allied to the viiriiis, was at Hi'St known only 

 .Vom thtj southern l{o(;ky .Mountain.s. Afterwards a large number of s])eci- 

 mens were olitaincd by Mv. < '. Dre.vler at Fort Ih'idger, in Utah. 



Dr. Cooper procured a female specimen of this species at Fort Mohave, on 

 the 20th of February, IHlil, which had probaldy wandered in a storm i'rom 

 the mountains, and which was the only one he met with. J )r. Heermann 

 states, also, thtit they were not rare at Fort Yuma. Dr. Cooper's bird wiis 

 silent and intictive, as if exhausted by a long flight. He also saw these birds 

 rather common as he crossed the mountains near latitude 4(S° in Septemlier, 

 18G0, and noticed a great similarity in their haliits to tlio.se of the S. na-in-t. 

 They chietly frequented small deciduous trees, fed in the usual maimer of 

 other Woodpeckers, and had also a shrill, unvaried call or note of alarm. 



Dr. Coues ibund this Woodjiecker an abundant and a ])ermanent resident 

 in Arizona. Its distinctness as a species he did not question. Everywhere 

 common, it seetned to prefer live cotton wood- trees and willows. Two speci- 

 mens of this race have been ttiken in New England, — one in New Hamp- 

 shire by Mr. William I'irewster, the other in Ctimbridge by Mr. Henshaw. 



The lied-naped Woodpecker was found by Mr. Ilidgway to be one of the 

 most abundant and characteristic species of the Wahsatch and Tintah 

 Mountains. It was also found, in greater or less numbers, throughout the 

 Great Basin, in the region of his route, and was even obtained on the eastern 

 Sierra Nevada, where, however, only one specimen was seen. Its favorite 

 resort, during summer, was the aspen groves in the mountains, tit an altitude 



