BTlMaiD/T:- THE OWLS. 43 



Nyctale acadica, I'.onai'. 



flAW-WHET OWL; WHITE-FRONTED OWL; KIBTLAKD'8 OWL. 



.syn.,' '„■„//,■,., (iMi.i.. SyM. Nut. 1'. :i!iii, 17s!i. - D.un. Tr, om. ll.-JOr,, IMiO. -Vi 1:11.1,. 

 ois. .\in. Sipt. I, li", IN07. — Ani. IJiiils .Via. \>\. cxcix, 1S;)1 ; Oiii. liiog. V, 3!i". — 

 Ki.ii. .t .Swains. V. H. A. II, 07, 1831. - IJcsai'. Aim. Ljv. N. Y. II, pp. 38, r.W ; 

 I«iN 183-J, p. 1110. — .lAliD. (W11.S.) Am. Oni. II, GO. — Nai-.M. Nut. Vog. Dfnt.sihl. 

 ((■.!.' Nov.) I, 434, pi. xliii, lif,'s. 1 & 2. - IT.Ali. P.inls JIa.ss. p. l)(i. - XriT. Man. p. 

 137, l,s33. Xi/i-li'l<' (u-iidioi, IloNAP. Mst, J). 7, 1S3S; Coiisp. Av. p. 44. — (iliAV, 

 (ifU. a. lul. App. p. 3, 1844.- Kai-I', .M()M(«. Strij,'. (,'oiit. (Hu. 18.-.:>, p. 101. - In. 

 Tr. Zdiil. Sor. IV, 18.5ii, -Jtm. — SriiicKL. Oin. Syn. I, 17ii, 1855. — Ni;\vii. 1'. \\. I!. 

 Jfept. VI, 77, 1857. — t'A.>i.s. Hiiils X. Am. 1858, 58. —Coop, k SltK. V. It. I!. lirpt. 

 XII, II, 15ti, 18tiO. — Cori;.s, I'lod. II. Ariz. 14, 1800. — <iUAV, Ilaiid Ust, I, 1,S09, 

 .n. — Loiiii, I'r. H. A. I. IV, 111 (Brit. C'oliinil).). — liiiuiwAY, Am. Nut. VI, May, 

 187-2, 285. — l'i'ri:s, Key, 1872, 2iiti. -- Okay, Haml List, I, 51, ISOlt. Heolii/ihi/iis 

 uaalini.i, SwAlN.s. L'las.sif. Hinls II, 217, 1837. Sfru jMssi-rina, I'KSX. Aivt. Zoiil. 

 p. 23(1, .sp. 12i>, 1785. — l''ol!sr. I'liil. Trans!. LXII, 385. — Wils. Am. Oni. pi. .xxxiv, 

 r. 1, 18118. b'lulii. lumcriiKi, Ja.MK.s. (Wii.s.), Am. Orn. I, 15!), 183.. .SVn> iicnitiensi.t, 

 Lain. Imi. Oiii. [i. 05, 1700. S. albi/roiis, Shaw, Nat. MIm'. V, \<\. clxxi, 1704 ; 

 Ziiol. VII, 23S, 1800. — 1<A 111. Oin. ,Supi>. p. 14. Jliilto albifrons, ViKlLl.. Ois. Am. 

 .Sept. I, 54, 1807. .SV'v« iilhijrimH, Sri'.l'll. Zoul.'XIII, II, 51. Xijiiak (dbifivM, 

 Cas-s. r.iiils t'al. & Tex. 187, 1854.— lloSAl'. t'onsp. Av. ji. 54. — C.vs.s. Hiiils N. Am. 

 1858, 57. — GuAY, llaiul List, 1, 52, 1800. Ulrix /ivii/kHs, LicilT. Alili. Ak. Hfil. 

 1838, 430. X,,c/,ilc kirtlamli. Hoy, I'loc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. VI, 210, 1S52. S. pha- 

 /tiiwi(fi:s, Daii). Tr. Orn. II, 200, 1800. — Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 10, 1802; Syn. 

 Supp. II, 00 ; Oi'ii. Hist. I, 372, 1828. AlhiM phahvmklcs, GliAY, Gen. B. fol. ap. 43, 

 1844. Allinic u-ilsuiti, BoiE, Isis, 1828, 315. 



Sp. Char. Adult (^ , V20,0U, Wa.-!liin{rtoii, D ('., Feb., 18.')0 ; C. Diexler). Upper 

 snrfncc plain soft roddi.sli-olivo, aliiiost cxiu-tly as in X. ricliardsiiiii ; foivlioad, anterior 

 part of till! crown, and llio I'aeial ciri'lc, with eaeli t'catiier witli a short medial line of white ; 

 feathers nf the neck white beneath the surface, forinini,' a collar of blotches ; lower webs 

 of scapulars white bon'ereil with broAvii ; Avin<i:-eoverts with a few rounded white spots; 

 alula with the outer feathers l)roadly edf,'ed with white. Primary coverts and .secondaries 

 perfectly plain ; live outer primaries with semi-rounded white spots on the outer webs, 

 these decreasiuij; towanl the ends of the feathers, leaving but about four series well 

 d(!lined. Tail crossed with three widely separated narrow bands of white, formed of 

 spots not touching the .><haft on either wel) ; tlu; last l)and is terminal. '• Eyebrow " and 

 sides of the throat white ; lores with a blackish sutl'usion, this more concentrated around 

 the eye ; face dirty white, feathers indistinctly edged with brownish, causing an obsoletely 

 streaked a]ipearance ; the facial circle in its extension across the throat is converted into 

 rcddi.sh-innber spot.>i. Lower parts, generally, silky-white, becoming lin<' ochraceous on 

 the tibia' and tarsi ; sides of the breast like the back, but of a more reddish or linrnt- 

 sienna tint; sides , and Hanks with longitudinal daubs of the same; juguhun, abdomen, 

 lower tail-covert.<, tarsi, and tibia\ inimaciilate. Wing formula, 4- 3 =■ 5 - 1 = 8. Wing, 

 .").tO; tail, 2..80 ; culinen, .50; tarsn.s, .80; middle toe, .GO. 



Seven specimens befori! nie vary from, wing, 5.'2.") to ,'j.80 ; tail, 2.()0 to 3.00 (9). The 

 largest specimen is 12,05.'! (9, Fort Tejon, California; ,J. Xnntn.s). This dillers from the 

 .specimen described in whiter face, more con.spiciious white streaks on forehead, smaller, les.s 

 numerous, red spots below, and in having a fourth white band on the tail; this, however, 

 is very inconspicuous. 32,301 (Moo.se Factory; J. McKenzie), 0,152 (Fort Vancouver, 

 February; Dr. J. G. Cooper), and 11,793 (Simiahmoo, October; Dr. C. B. Kennerly) are 



