50 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



in the ^); cliin immncnlate; upper eyelid dark hrown; facial circle Mack; neck and 

 jup;iilum like the checks, but more strongly barred, and with blackish along the shaft. 

 Ground-color of the lower parts white, each feather with a medial stripe; of black, this 

 throwing oil' distinct bars to the edge of the feather; the medial l)lack is largest on sides 

 of the Ineast, where it expands into very large conspicuous spots, having a slight rusty 

 exterior suffusion ; the abdomen medially, the anal region, .and the lower tail-covcrt«, are 

 almost unvaried white. Tiliia; and tarsi in the male didl white, much barred trans- 

 versely with blackish; in the female, pale ochraceous, more sparsely barred with dark 

 brownish. Lining of the wing creamy-white, varied only along the edge; light liars on 

 under surface of primaries very obsolete. 



$ (10,027, Fort Crook, North California; John Feilner). Wing, 0.70; tail, .'J.SO ; cul- 

 men, .61; tarsus, 1.35; middle toe, .72; ear-tufts, 1,00; wing-lbrmula, 3=4, .5-2, 6, 

 1 == 9. '• Length, 9.50 ; extent, 23.75." 



9 (18,299, Ilellgate, Montana; Jno. rcar^all). Wing, 7.80; tail, 4.10; culmen, .70; 

 tarsus, 1.70; middle toe, .80; ear-tuft.s, 1.00. 



Young $ (No. 29,738, Wood's Hole, Mass., July 2.5, 1863; S. F. Baird. -'Parent 

 gray "). Secoinlaries, primaries, and tail, as in the adult, gray plumage ; but the latter 

 more mottled, the bands eonfu.scd. Rest of the plumage everywhere grayish-white, with 

 numero'.is transverse bars of dusk3'-brown ; eyebrows and loi'cs scarcely variegated dull 

 white ; facial eircl(> obsoleU\ 



9 (41,891, Philadelphia, Penn. ; J. Kri<ler), Whole head, neck, back, rump, and en- 

 tire lower parts transversely barre<l with dark brown and grayish-white, the bands of the 

 former on the upper parts rathei- exceeding the white in width, but on the lower surface 

 nnich narrower; scapulars with large transverse spots of white on the outer wclis. 

 Wings and tail as in the adult. Facial disk conspicuous. (More advanced in age tiian 



the preceding.) 



h. Rnfcseent plumage. 



Adult. General pattern of the prece<ling; but the grayish tints replaced by lateritious- 

 rufous, very fine and bright, with a slight vinaccous cast: this is uniform, and shows 

 no trace of the transverse dark mottling; there are, however, black shaft-lines to the 

 feathers (these most conspicuous on the head above, and scapulars, and narrower and 

 mon> sharply defined than in the gray plumage). The inner webs of the car-tufts, outer 

 webs of scapulars, and lower secondary and middle wing-coveits, are while, as in the 

 gray plumage; those of the scapulars are also bordered witii black. The scconilaric, 

 ])rimaries, and tail are less Nriglit riifoift: than the otticr jiortious, the n'larkings as in the 

 gra\' plumage, only the tints being dill'erent. The upper eyelid, and, in fact, all round the 

 eye, fine light rufous; cheeks and ear-coverts paler, scarcely variegated ; black facial circle 

 rather narrower than in the gray plumage. Lower parts without the transverse bars of 

 the gray plumage, but in their place an irregular clouding of fine light red, like the back; 

 the lower parts mediall}- (very broadly) iunnaculate snowy-white; most of the feathers 

 having the red opotting show black .shaft-striiie.s, but the pectoral spots are not near so 

 large or conspicuous as in tin; gray bird. Tibia? fine pale ochraceous-rufous ; tarsi the 

 same posteriorly, in front white with cuneate specks of rufous; lower tail-coverts each 

 Avith a medial transversely cordate spot of dilute rufous, the shaft black. Lining of the 

 wing with nimierous rufous spots. 



$ (12,045, Wa.shington, D. C. .Tanuaiy). Wing, 0.30; tail, 3.00. 



9 (22,512, Maryland; R. G. C.mipbell). Wing, 0.70; tail, 3.50. 



Young (29,792, Peoria, Illinois; Ferd. Bischoff). Wings and tail as in adult; markings 

 on head and body as in the young gray bird, but white bars more reddish, and dark ones 

 more brown. 



Hah. Temperate North America, from the South Atlantic States to Oregon, and from 

 the northern United States to Texas. Replaced in the southern Midillc Province and 



