STIUGID.E — THE OWLS. 75 



Species and Races. 



S. ulula. Above dark vaiulyUo-ljrown, tliu lioad above dotted with 

 white, and the scapiihirs spotted with tlu' same. Beneath transversely 

 barred with vandyke-browii and white, \\u\ liars re^'ular, continuous, and 

 sharply delined. Head an<l neek with two lateral, and one posterior 

 medial, strijies of brownish-blaek, the space between them with white pre- 

 vailing. Bill and iris yellow. Win'r, abont 9.00 ; tai', 0.80- 7.01 >. 



White .spottiuir prevailiiii,'. Jlub. Pahearetie Realm . . var. «/«/«.' 

 Brown spotting iirevailing. Jlal>. Xearctic Realm . . vav. h udson ia. 



Surnia ulula, -.ar. hudsonia (Gmdlix). 



AUEBICAN HAWK OWL. 



Stn'x fnli hiidsonis, liiiiss. Orii. I, 520, 17(50. Strh- hudsonia, G.MliL. Syst. N.it. p. 295, 

 1780. — WiLs. Am. Orii. pi. 1, f. ti, 1808. — Sii.\w, Zool. VII, 274, 1809. — Vikill. 

 Ois. Am. Sept. I, 50. Sui-uiii l(iid.ii)iii<(, J.VMl'.s. (Wll.s.) Am. Orii. I, 00, 1831. Utir- 

 Ilia ulula, var. hiid.soiiica, (liinow.vv) C'on-.s, Kry, 1872, 205. SIrix cauadeiisis, Bklss. 

 Orn. I, 518, pi. x.\.\vii, f. 2, 1780. - Shaw, Zuiil. VII, 273, 1809. SMj: fancrea 

 (not of LiNN.vus !), Uicii. & Sw.Mx.s. !■'. 15. A. II, 92, 1831.— Ain. Birds Am. pi. 

 coc:l.\xviii, 1831 ; Oni. Hiog. IV. 550. — liovAi'. Ann. Lyo. N. York, II, 35. — niiKWKii 

 (\Vll.s.), Am. Oni. p. G8i). — Thumi's. Hist. Vermont, p. 04. — I'kah. Birds .Mass. Ill, 

 83. Sun ill ulula (not ulula of I, inn.!), Cass. Birds Calif. & Te.x. p. 191, 1854. — 

 Birds N. Am. 1858, iM. — (!|!ay. Hand List, I, 30, 1809. - Blackist. Ibis, III, 320. 



— Loiin, I'r. H. A. I. IV, iii (Brit. Columb.). — Kali-, Tr. Zoiil. See. IV, 1859, 214. 



— Dam. k Bannlstku, Tr. Chiuajjo Acad. 1, ii, 274. — Mavnakd, Birds Eastern 

 Mass., 1870, 133. 



Sp. Ciiak. Adult. Above r'rh dark vandyke-brown, darker anterioi'ly, less inten.'se and 

 more grayish on tail. A nari-ow streak of brownish-bla('k oi-itjinating over the middle of 

 eye, and extending b;iekward above the up|)er edge of the ear-eoverts, where it forms 

 an elbow passing downward in a broad stripe over the end's of the ear-cuverts ; eonllucnt 

 with this, at aliout tin; middle of the vertical stripe, is another of similar tint, which 

 l)a.sses nioi'e broadly down the sidi; of the nape ; between the last stri|)es (tho.sc of 

 opposite sides) is another or medial one of le;s pure lilack, extending from the occiput 

 down till! nape. Mvery fci'ihcr of the forehead, crown, and occiput with a central ovate 

 dot of white; those anterior moi'c circular, on tin iccipul less numcroiis and more linear. 

 Iictween the lateral and |ioslcrior nui iial stripes the white prevails, the brown Ibrming 

 irregular terniin.al and transver.se or mi'dial spots; these grow more linear toward the 

 ...nK. Intenscajjulars plain; posterior scapulars variegated with partially concealed large 

 transverse spots of white, tlu; lower feathers with iieaii\ llie whole outer webs white, 

 their conllueneo causing a conspicuous elongated patch above the wing. Rump with 

 sparse, irregular, but generally transverse, simts of white; upper tail-coverts with broader, 

 more regular bars of the same, these about eipial to the brown in width. liOwcr feathers 

 of llu! niidille and secondary wing-coverts each with an ovoid spot oi' while on the' outer 

 web; secondaries crossed by about three transverse series of longitudinally ovoid white 

 spots (situated on the edge of tin! feather), and very narrowly tipped with tlu- same; 

 primary coverts with one or two less continuous transverse series of spots, these found 



1 Sunil diila, var. ulula. Stiix ulula, LlNN. S. N. I, 1700, 133. (iuruia «/i(?i(, Bonat. 

 Cat. 1838, 22. 



