FALCONID.K-TIIH KALCONS. 101) 



sccoiulnrios without distinct .-|iots on tlif outer webs. Lower tiiil-oovorts 

 iniiniieuiute. 



Wiiij:, l.i.Oo-Ui.dO; tail, 8.-lO-!)."it>; i'uluien,.8r)-l.()(l; taisus, 1.05- 



2.15; inidille toe, 1.8," -1. !)."), Top of the lie;ul white, with narmw 



8trciii<s of (lai-i< blown. Huh. Central anil Eastern Kurope, Western 



Asia, anil adjoininj,' portions ol' Al'riea .... var, lunnriux} 



h, Outi'r Webs of laii-reallicrs williout distinet lijjht s|)ols, or witliiiul any at 



all; outer wibs of primaries witii no traee of spots; seeondaries with hght 



spots on oute.' webs. Lower lail-eoverts sparsely spotte(l. 



Winj,', rj.OJ- 14.L!."); tail, 7.(i()-».00 ; eulnien, .7.')- .90 ; tarsus, 2.15- 

 2.40; Miiddle toe, 1.70-2.00. Top of head lirowii, with nairow l)lael< 

 streaiis. Ailtdl. Above witii obscure transverse spots of bhiisii. 

 YoHtuj, Above with I'ealiiers bordered with rusty . . \in: pol ij a gr u.^. 

 Winir, 11.50; tail, O.C.O ; eulmen, .70; tarsu.s, l.!)0; middle toe, 1.(1."). 

 Aliove uniform dark brown, with a faint plumbeous east, the feathers 

 without trnee oi" li^'ht or rusty edges; outer web of tail-feathers with- 

 out trace of li<;ht spot.s. I/(ih. Me.xico . . . var. in e x i c a n ti s .' 

 Win-;, 13.(iO- 14.30; tail, 8.25- !».00 ; eulmen, .80 -.87 ; tarsus, 1.S5- 

 l.'JO; middle toe, 1.85- l.!)0. Colors similar to the last; entire aurieu- 

 Inrs white ; inustaehe narrow and conspieuous. Hub. Southern Asia. 



var. J ugge r .' 



The only point of (lifferciico in the external anatomy between the Lanner 

 Falcons and (Jerfalcons consists in the ditl'eient degree of feathering on the 

 upper part of the tarsus ; this is niucli denser and e.vtends farther down 

 and more around the posterior face in the Gerfalcons, but they, being inhab- 

 itants of a very northern latitude, need this protection against the rigor of 

 the climate. These sliglit si)ecific difl'erences are illustrated by the figures on 

 page 1430. The same difference is observable in many birds whose habitat 

 extends througli a great range of latitude, as, for instance, the Pcdioccctcs 

 phasiandl us, the northern race of wliich has tlie feathers covering the base of 

 the toes so long as to reach beyond the claws and nearly conceal them, while 

 in the southern form (var. colnmhianus) the toes are almost completely naked. 



My determination of tlie number and character of the geographical races 

 of F. gj/rfalco is the result of a very careful critical examination of uver sixty 



1 Falco laimriii.% var. lanariiif (Seui-KCEI.). Fnlcn liinariits, Scin,i;o. Krit. Ucb. II, ct 11. — In. 

 Tr. Faui!. ; Mus. I'ays-Bas, Filmiie.H 14 ; Abh. Zool. 10 ; \ivv. 1844, 2 ; Nauru. 185.'), 2.V2 ; Ibis, 

 1859, 80. - Bur.r., U. Kur. I, 1850, 37 (!)Iatc of lulult '.). — TisisriiAM, Ibis, 284. — OuAV, Hand 

 List, I, 1809, 19, No. 171. Tki.z. Ueb. der Uuicr und Falk. 11, 1803, 20. Fitlm lamtriiix a, 

 Scui.KU. Tr. FauL'. 23. Gcnitaid IcDiariiis, Schleo. — lioNAr. IJev. 1854, 535. Falco fcldcgijii, 

 Scnucci. Abh. Zool. 3-C. 



^ Falco lanarius, var. mexicaniii (LicilT.). Fulno incricuniis, " LicilT. Mus. Berol." — 

 ScilLEo. Abh. Znol. 1841, 15. — .ScHl.Ko. Fakoiics, Mas. Pay.s-Ba.s, 1802, 18. — Pr,l.z. Neb. 

 der Geierund Fnlk. II, 1803, 19. " Falco sublanariiis, Nattickkh." — 1'llz. Ueb. dcr Gvicr und 

 Fiilk. II, 1803, 19. 



' Falco lanarius, var. jiiggcr ^Oiiay). Falco juifjci; Okay, Ilardw. III. Ind. Zool. II, pi. xxvi, 

 1832. — BoxAP. Consp. 24. — flouLi), B. Asia, pi. i. — .Ikudox, B. Indiu, 30. — Stiuckl. Orn. 

 Syn. 1855, 79, No. 129. — Suili.Kf!. Abh. pi. xv; Mus. Pays-Bas. 1,17. Falco Ivggcr, Jvmm. 

 Aladr. Journ. X, p. 80; 111. Ind. Orii. pi. xliv. — Bi.vril, .lourn. A.ss. Soo. Bengal, XI, 104. 

 Falco thcrmophiltts, HoDOs. Zool. Mise. 1844, 81. Falco lanarius I Bl.VTll, J. As. Soc. Beug. 

 XIX, 318. 



