2^28 NORTH AMEUICAN BIRDS. 



Species and Baces. 



A, First and second quills equal and longest; lirst with inner wulj eniiirginatud, 

 second with inner web slightly simiated. Young with longitudinal stripe.s on 

 the lower parts. Adult and young stages veiy dill'erent. 



1. r. communis. Wing, 11.50- 14.;50; tail, V.tH) - 8.."j0 ; eulinen, .72-.9">; 

 tarsus, l.fi'j - 2.'iO ; middle toe, 1.80-2..jtM .Seeond quill longest; lirst 

 shorter than, e(iual to, or longer than third. Adult. Above plumbeous, 

 darker anteriorly, lighter and more bluish posteriorly ; anteriorly plain, pos- 

 teriorly with darker transverse bars, these growing more sharply defined 

 towards the tail. Ueneath oehraeeons-white, varying in tint from nearly 

 pure white to deep ochraceous, tho.se portions jwstorior to the juguluin 

 transversely barred, more or less, with blaeki.sh or dark plumbeous; anterior 

 lower parts (from the breast I'orward) without transverse bars. Yoiniij. No 

 transverse bars on the body, above or below. Above blaekish-brown, 

 varving to blaek, the leathers usually bordered terminally with ochraceous 

 or rusty ; forehead usually more or less washed with the same. Beneath 

 ochraceous, varying in shade; the whole surface with longitudiiud stripes of 

 blackish. Imier webs of t.iil-feathers and primaries with numerous trans- 

 verse elliptical spots of ochraceous. Ilah. Cosmopolitan. 



a. You'.ig dark brown above, the feathers bordered with rusty or 

 whitish. Beneath white or ochraceous, with narrow longitudinal 

 strii'.'s of dusky. Inner webs of tail-leathers with transverse Ijars. 

 Auriculars white, cutting of!" the blaek of the cheeks with a prom- 

 inent " mustache." 



Beneath pm-e white, the breast and middle of the abdomen 

 without markings. Wing, 12.75; tail, 7.30; eulnien, .80; 

 tarsus, 2.00 ; middle toe, 1.80. Hub. Eastern Asia. 



var. o )■ ien talis } 



Beneath pale ochraceoui*, the breast always with longitudinal 



dashes, or elliptical spots, o'" dusky ; middle of abdomen 



barred. Wing, 11 .50 - 14.;i0 ; tail, 7.00-8.50; eulmcn, .72 - 



.95; tarsus, 1. 05 -2.20; middle toe, 1.80-2.30. Huh. Europe. 



var. CO ») n 



Beneath varying from deep ochraceous to nearly pure white, 

 the breast never with distinct longitudinal or other spots, 

 usually with none at all. ^Middle of abdomen liarreil, or not. 

 Wing," ll.;!0- 14.75; tail, 0.00-9.00; eulmcn, .75-1.00; 

 tarsus, 1. GO -2. 10; middle toe, 1.75-2.20. lUth. America 



(entire continent) \a.\: n natnm. 



Auriculars lilaek, learly, or quite, as far down as the lower end of 

 the " mustache." 



Beneath varying imm deej) ochraceous to white, the breast 

 streaked or not. Lower parts more uniformly and heavily 



' Kxtrcmcs of more than one Inuuhed speiiniens inciusiircd ! 



- Fiihii coiininnii.i, var. orii-nliilin ((^iMKI.in). FkIv oriniliilis, fiMIU,. S. N. 1789, 2(!4. -- 

 Lath. hid. Orn. 2-.>. — In. (!eu. Hist. 1, Ulli. — D.Mi.. Tr. Orn. II, 70. — 8ri!i(Kl,. Oru. Syii. 

 1, !(*'..'), 8;i. Two .spofiinciis I'xaminiMl, from Jajian (Nat. Mils., 1 ; I'liilad. Acad., 1). 



* Fiflai com munis, var. ciimniuni.s ((Imki.IN). F((ltv coniiiiiiius, (i.MKl.. S. N. 17<S!>, 270.— 

 Seiii.lUi. Krit. iilxTs, 1). 14. — 111. Mas. l'ays-I<ii-s, 1802, Fuli-umn, \. —Vkv/.. Ucb. dcr Gi'iiT 

 mid Falk. 1803, 23. Fiilco pnvifnnii.i, O.Mr.i,. 8. N. 17.8i», 272. — 8TKICK!.. Orn. Syii. I, 81, et 

 Arcr. 8c'vriiti'fii siii'ciiiicns of this nice have been cxaiiiiiicd. Tlu'V aiv distributed as follows : 

 Nat. Mus., 5 ; Bo.st. Soc, ; I'liilud. Acad., 4 ; Cambridge .Mus., 2. Total, 17. 



