266 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Species and Races. 



A, Three diiler piiiiiaries with their iiiiur webs cut oi- einarjrinated. 



I. B. pennsylvanicua. Win<r, ii.S.")- 11.40; tail, 0.:50-.h.(M); eiilineii, .70- 

 .8(1; tiu>iKx, l.'.ir)-2.80; initl.iU' t.ie, l.'-'O - 1.40. Third to tbiirih (niill 

 loii.sfost ; first shorter than .seventh. Adult. Tail dull biaek, paler at the tip, 

 crossed by two to lour bauds of dilute umber, or brownish-white, varyiu},' in 

 width, but the last alwiiys broadest. Upiier tail-eoverts tipiiecl and barred 

 with wliite. Lower parts dull rii' -brown, nearly unbroken on the breast, 

 but posteriorly much varie<,'ated with roimdish tran.sverse spots of white, 

 I'ormin}; broad transverse bars, interrupted by the dusky shaft. Upper 

 parts dark umber, darker on the back. Young. Tail dull ffrayish-uuiber, 

 growing darker terminally, narrowly tii)i)ed with whitish, and crossed by 

 about ai.\ narrow and indistini.'l biuids of dusky ; these gradually Ijccoming 

 obsolete basally, the last nmch broader. Lower part.s white, or light ochra- 

 ceons, with longitudinal sjiots of dark brown or blnckish on the sides of the 

 brea.'it and abdomen, and roundish or transversely cordate ones on the sides, 

 (lanks, and tibiic. A conspicuous "unistache" on the cheeks, from the rictus 

 down. Upper parts much as in the adult, llah. Eastern North America, 

 and Middle America, south to Bogota and Caraecas. 



2. B.swainsoni. Wing. 12.00- 17.00; tail, (J.oO - (J.OO ; cidmen, .80-95; 

 tarsus, 2.'J.") - 2.70 ; middle toe. l.'iO- 1.70. Third to fourth (usually third) 

 quills longest; first usually longer than seventh. Adult. Tail dark grayish- 

 brown, sometimes with a hoary ca.<t, crossed by live to seven, or more, 

 narrow bands of dusky, usually very obscure, and becoming obsolete 

 basally. Colors of other jiortions extremely variable ; the upper parts, 

 however, continuous, uuvariegated, dark brown, or blackish ; the lower 

 parts .sometimes also entirely dusky, excejit the tail-eoverts, which are 

 always (?) barred with white. Xurmal plumage. A dark area covering the 

 jugulum and brea.st, dull rufous in the $, and dark grayish-brown in the 9- 

 Other lower parts whitish, .sometimes pure, and nearly immaculate, but 

 usually more or less tinged with ochraceous and rufous, and transversely 

 barred with various shades of brown. Young. Tail hoary brownish-gray, 

 crossed by numerous, very indistinct, narrow bands of darker, and faintly 

 tipp<'d with whitish. Ground-color of the head, neck, and lower parts, light 

 ochraceous, or cream-color (sometimes nearly white), the anterior upper 

 parts with large longitudinally ovate spots of black ; these assuming the form 

 of streaks on the head and neck. Sides of the breast with an ag,gregation 

 of larger spots of the same, and sides with .sparser hastate or deltoid spot.s. 

 Upper parts puriilish-black, more or less variegated with ochraceous; the 

 relative proportion of tlu; two colors varying with the individual. 



Wing, 14.40-17.00; tail, 8.00 -O.oO; culmeii, .80 -.'X>; t.irsiis, 2.30- 

 2.70; middle toe, l.r)0-1.70. Weight li - 3J lbs. Hah. Western 

 Province of North America, from the Mississippi Vallc}-, and the region 

 of the Great Lakes (Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, to Arkansas, also 

 Canada and Mas.s.achusetts) to the Pacilic . . . war. s w ninno n i . 



Wing, 12.00- 15.;50; tail, O.oO- 9.00; culmen. .8r)-.90 ; taivsns, l.Oo- 

 2.C0; middle toe, 1.50 - l.(J(). Colors similar, liut the young paler than 

 that of var. swninsoni. Adult unknown. Ifah. ^Middle and South 

 America, and southern border of the western United Slates, from New 

 Mexico to Buenos Ayres (two specimens, Costa Rica, and Buenos 

 Ayrcs, Mus, S. I.) var. oxypterus. 



