TCTUADNID.K — TIIK < iUuUSK 



419 



Canace canadensis, 



viir. 



franklini, Douglas. 



FBANKLiN'S OB0U8E. 



Tilma j'niitkNiii, Doriii.As, Trims. I.inii. Sue. XVI, 1S-J!>, i:!!i. — Itiiii. F. I tor. Am. II, 

 1831, aiS, |p1. Ixi. Il.\ii:ip, I'.inis N. Am. ISj.s, (123. — I.oiin, I'r. !!. A. liisl. IV, 

 18(i4, VS-i (lii'twi'cn Hdiky Momitaiiis and (Uscadcs). •— Okay, t'at. Hrit. Mils. 1807, 

 80. — Cooi'KR k .Si rKl.MY, :i»il. - Cool'. Orii. Cal. I, 1870, 5ai). Tiinio lumukims, vur, 

 IJoNAl'. Am. (liii. Ill, 18.iii, 17, jpI. x.v. iTrtnin fusai, ()v.\^. (Jiithiif's (icog. (2il 

 Am. e<l.) II, 18ir>, 317. (liasfil (111 .small luiiwii I'lica.siiiit of Lewis A; Clark, II, 182, 

 which very inoluilily is this sjiccii's.) Canaci: franklini, Kl.l.lor, P. A. N. 8. 1804. 

 — In. MciiKif;. Tctraoii. [il. 



Sp. Char, l^imil.-ir to C. c«Hn(/e«.s(,v, liui. with the tiiil-teiUlii'rs entirely Mack, without 

 onm<;e-bi'o\vii termiiml bniicl ; the upper tuil-covcrt.s broniUy tipped witii white. The tuil 

 le.ss rounded. Wiiifr, ".I!") ; tail, 'j.d'J. 



Hah. Northern Hoeky Mountaiii.s, near llie Uniteil Stute.s boundary, uiul west to Coattt 

 Kanjje. 



Tlie ilifTevence from mnndcnsis is very apprecialilo, though wc cannot con- 

 sider it as of siiecific importance. Tiiis consist.s chiefly in the rather longer, 

 more even tail, with broader feiithers, which are pure black instead of very 

 dark brown, and entirely without the orange termhial band. The white .streaks 

 on the scapidars are larger terminally, and much more conspicuous, and the 

 upper tail-coverts are conspicuously barred terminally with white, not seen 

 in the otlier. The female differs j'rom that of cunadoms in the white bars 

 at the ends of the tail-coverts, and in having the tail-feathers tipped with 

 whitish instead of oranjie-brown. 



C. franUM. 



C. canafiensis. 



Habits. From the Kocky ^fountains to the Pacific, and from Oregon to 

 high northern latitudes, this variety replaces tlie common Spruce Partridge 

 of the Eastern Continent. Sir Jolm Ikicliardson, as well as Mr. Urummond, 

 regarded these birds as oidy ii western variety of the cnnndoifiiii. Tlie latter, 

 who had ample opportunities for studying the mannci's of both, was nnable 

 to perceive any difference between them. ]\Ir. Douglas took a different 

 view, though he admitted that tlieir habits were essentially the same. 

 Swainson also regarded the two birds as distinct species. This variety is 



