A. FLAVESCENS, L., GOLDEN OAT-ORASS. 191 



tho joint, inoinbvanous, slightly unequal. Floral glumes con- 

 vex on the back, acute, o-O-nerved, often briefly S-ful at the apex, 

 tho loAver ones including a perfect flower and bearing on the back 

 a twisted awn, the upper ones awnless, including a stamlnate or 

 neutral flower. Palea narrow, 2-toothed or :3-fid. Lodicules 

 2-fid. Stamens 3. Styles short, distinct, stigmas hairy. C'ary- 

 opsis oblong or long-fusiform, pubescent or rarely smooth, i;ome- 

 times deeply grooved, included by tho floral glume aiul palea, 

 free or more or less iidhering to the palea. Annuals or perennials. 

 Species about 40. Found in many temperate regions. 



A. flavescens, L. Yellow Oat, or Golden Oat-Grass. — An 



erect, smqoth, glabrous perennial, culm 1-3 ft. hi., stoloniferous. 

 Leaves flat, sheaths hairy ; ligulo truncate, ciliate. Panicle open, 

 branches in 4 wliorls. Spikelets compressed ^ in., D—i fld., shin- 

 ing, yellowish. Empty glumes ovate, acuminate. Floral glumes 

 keeled ; awns divergent. 



According to Mr. Lawes, it is tufted, of rather weakly habit, 

 the culms few and slender, producing flowers in June ami July. 

 It is found in cool, dry jiastures and light soils. It is hardy and 

 seeds early, is never sown alone, but is recommended as a minor 

 ingredient with others for permanent pasture. 



The seed is very often adulterated with seeds of Aira fexuosa, 

 which is not worth raising. 



T have seldom seen yellow oat grass in the pastures of the 

 Vnited States, and on trying it for several years in Michigan, I 

 am compelled to say that it seems to promise little for this 

 country. 



HOLCUS, L. 



Spikelets 2-fld., usually in collected dense oblong or interrupted 

 panicles, rachilla jointed above the empty glumes, extending 

 beyond the flowers as a small stipe ; lower flower perfect, the 



Fia. 85.— ^iDcna flavenceUH (Yellow Oat Grass), a, A short plant.— (Sutton) ; a, spike- 

 let.— Scribner). 



