870 INSECTR. 



(li^ loii^ liolt's, raiso piUvs (if dirt, dovoiir ami triiinp down hirgo 

 ))iitolu's of uioadow. They cjiii iisiwilly bo caujrlit (|iiito easily in 

 steel traps; they eun be shot if one lias the jiatienci' to watoh for 

 them. Where the grotmd is not too hij,'h and dry and a good 

 siii)i)ly of water handy, by taking advantage of u wet time when 

 the soil is full of moistn:e, they can often be drowned out and 

 made to eonie to the surface, where they make si)ort for the dog. 

 To help make the je > a success, before beginning, draw several 

 Itarrels of water and pour them in (piiek succession down the 

 hole. Saturate rags with bisulphide of carbon and put in tlie holes. 



Insects. — The rest of this chapter is prepared for this volume 

 bv mv colleague, Prof. A. J. Cook. 



It is generally supposed, even by those l>est informed and most 

 interested, that our forage plants, including clovers and grasses, 

 are comparatively free from the devastation of insect jiests. 

 While our fruits, vegetables and grains are known to be tunneled 

 or devoured at the root, girdled or fed upon at stem and foliage, 

 and blasted in the fruit, the same is not generally supposed to 

 be as true of the j'hmts which give value to our i)astures and 

 meadows. AVhile Harris and Fitch give account of uumy in- 

 sects which i)rey ujion nearly all others of our cultivated plants, 

 very few are mentioned that attack our grasses and clovers, even 

 by these great scientists and wonderful observers. ^Ir. J. Stan- 

 ton Gould, in his Forage Crops, knows only four insects which 

 attack the clovers, while at that time over seventy were known 

 to attack the apple. This is not because such enemies do not 

 exist, but rather because the i)lants fed upon are so abundant 

 that even great damage is either not noticed or else is supposed 

 to bo due to drought or other climatic disturbance, or forsooth to 

 tiie "running out" of the crop. The very nature of our 

 grasses anil clovers conceals insect ravages, and thus the harm 

 must become very patent or it will generally be all unobserved. 



At present over seventy different species of insects are known 



