ANATIN^E — THE DUCKS — CLANGULA. 



43 



ilely oilj^iil 

 lit" of nil k 

 skin) ; iris 

 lark Bt'iiii- 

 ion ; lowiT 

 lui-'s liii^;nl 

 k grayi^!l- 

 lulk'rwiiij^- 

 ,\vi) oi'tlint' 

 hite, foiiii- 

 jh ; gmitir 

 ised i»)itiiiii 

 with liliiik- 

 111 the white 

 iries. Jiif,'- 

 ;i' and nioru 

 iv and nidie 

 parts jmru 

 nd yelhjw), 



ulnien, 1.05 

 th .75-.sri ; 

 (lull fomnh:: 

 i) ; dt'pth of 

 ; middle toe, 



ever \w any 



C. (jluucinlt. 



alike that, 

 )ly ruleralilt 

 ction. 'i'lie 

 ned t'einalc's 

 ■ till! noik is 

 ) the glial I.T 

 een the two 

 nto one lon- 



ples are so 

 they belong, 

 it, and ni.iy, 



ery appro- 

 occurring 



bably ovon 

 It is also 

 A siiii,'le 



iciuals aro 



,11(1 iilaii'S. 



tie writirs, 

 stood. It 

 recently, 

 to North- 

 as having 



apparently a Circunipolar distribution, while I can find no evidence that it is either 

 of Arctic or Circumpolar occurrence. It has not been found east> of Iceland, either 

 ill Europe or Asia; neither is it known to nest anywhere within the Arctic Circle. 



It is both a northern and a mountain species, breeding in Greenland, Iceland, and 

 Alaska up to G4° 30' north latitude, and occurring throughout the Kocky Mountains 

 from high northern regions at least as far to the south as ."kS" north latitude. It 

 is also seen during the breeding-season in Maine and New Brunswick, and probably 

 tliroiighout the British I'rovinces generally. It is found on the Atlantic coast in 

 winter as far south at least as Southern Massachusetts, and on the Tacitic up to a 

 limit not yet ascertained. 



Its presence in the more northerly portion of the Eocky ^lountains, among the 

 valleys, was first noted in 1831 by Dr. Kichardson, who describes its habits as being 

 very similar to those of the Common Golden-eye ; and, three years later, Mr. Nuttall 

 ("Water Birds," p. 444) luentions it as occurring in the Kocky Mountains; but 

 whether on the authority of his own observations or of those of Dr. Kichardson, he 

 does not state. More recently, Dr. Cooper was the first of our naturalists to recall 

 the fact of its being found among the mountains of the United States. (See " Fauna 

 of Montana," Am. Nat. III., p. H'.i.) 



Holbcill and Keinhardt have also recorded it as being a bird of Greenland, in the 

 southern i)art of which country it breeds ; and it has been procured in the neighbor- 

 hood of Godthiuib and Nenortalik. Its range is there restricted to a narrow belt 

 between G3° 45' and G4° 30'. North of this the natives have no knowledge of its 

 occurrence. 



Mr. Boardman informs me that a few birds of this species are seen each summer 

 in the neighborhood of Calais, Me., and that they undoubtedly breed there, but that 

 as yet he has not been able to discover their nests. They are somewhat rare in the 

 region at that season, but become much more common on the St. Croix Eivcr in 

 the winter, and also in the Bay of Fundy. 



• Mr. AVilliam Brewster, of Cambridge, obtained an adult female in the flesh from 

 Cape Cod, Mass., Dec. 7, 1871. Since then he has met with several females and two 

 adult males in the Boston Market, most of which were shot within the limits of 

 Massachusetts. It is now thought to be more common on that coast in the winter 

 than had been previously supposed. 



Mr. Nelson states that Barrow's Golden-eye is a winter resident on Lake Michi- 

 gan, and that it is found at that season irregularly throughout the State of Illinois. 

 This bird was obtained on the AVabash, at Mount Carmel, in December, 1874, by Pro- 

 fessor Stein ; and Mr. Nelson has observed it at Chicago. Dr. Hoy procured a speci- 

 men at Bacine in 18G0. It is probably not uncommon on Lake Iklichigan ; but the 

 winter season is unfavorable for procuring it, or even for ascertaining its numbers. 



This species has been procured by Dr. Ilayden in the interior of the United States, 

 and subsequently, in 1872, by ]\Ir. Henshaw, who is inclined to regard this as a species 

 occurring regularly and in considerable numbers on Utah Lake, where two specimens 

 were taken by him, and where — as he was assured by the hunters — some are shot 

 every winter, although this species is less abundant than the common Golden-eye, 

 from which it '.^ easily distinguished. 



Ur. Edwin Carter, of Colorado, was probably the first person actually to secure 

 the nest and eggs of this species, whose presence in the mountains of that region 

 iad been well known to him for several years. A set of seven eggs obtained by him 

 la now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge. Mr. Carter writes me 

 that "the usual nest complement of Barrow's Goldeu-eye is from six to ten, varying 



