ANATINiE - THE DUCKS — CLANGULA. 



45 



Male. 



(all round), lower imrts, outur scapulars, poHti-rior li-sser, iiiitMle mid j,'reater wing-coverts, and 

 neconduries, pure wliite ; anlL-rior leaser wing-cuverts, uud outer etlges of Mcapulurs and lluuk I'eulh- 

 (T:*, and lonreali'd pdrtinu of greater coverts, 

 ilc'ii lilack ; primaries biaikisli dusky ; tail 

 du* I.Ue ; sides of the anal region lieliind tlie 

 flanks clouded with grayish. Hill deep Idaek; 

 iris hright yellow ; feet orange-yellow, with 

 dusky welis. Ailiilt fniutk : Similar to that 

 of 0. idn,iilii-a, but head and neek iiair-brown 

 or grayish brown, rather than purplish sepia 

 or sMiill'-browu, and white on the wing usu- 

 ally not interrupted liya distinct black bar. 



Downy youny:^ Upper parts generally, 

 induiling the whole upper half of the liead, 

 to the rictus, ami considerably IkIow the 

 eyes, the Jugulum, siile.s, and thighs, deep 

 Booty brown, lighter and more grayish on 

 the jugulum ; the bro^vu of the up})er i)arts 

 . relieved by about eight spots of grayish white, 

 , as follows : one on the posterior liorder (sec- 

 ondary region) of each wing ; one on euch 

 ,■ Bide the back ; one on each side the rump, at 

 ' the l)ase of the tail, and one on each think 

 . just before the brown of the thighs. Chin, 

 throat, and checks pure white, in abrupt and 



decided contrast to the brown, which entirely surrounds it ; remaining lower parts grayish white. 

 Bill brownish ; nail yellowish. 



Adult vuile: Total length, about 18.50 to 20.()U inches ; extent, 31.00 ; wing, about 9.25 ; length 

 of bill, from tip to end of basal angle, 1.85 ; depth at base, l.(Ht ; width, .80 ; tarsus, 1.60 ; middle 



toe, 2.50. Adnll/imiile: Total length, 1().50 ; extent, 

 2(i.75 ; wing, 8.25 ; cnlmen, l.dO ; depth of bill at 

 base, .!>0, wi.lth, .70 ; tarsus, 1.40; middle toe, 2.20. 



As stated under the head of C. islatiiliai (p. 42), we 

 are unable to discover, in the material at our com- 

 mand (consisting of upward of twenty specimens, in- 

 cluding six unquestionable C. idnndira and many 

 more cipudly undoubted C. ijlaucwu) positive points of 

 distinction between the female of the common and of 

 that of Barrow's Golden-eye. All specimens, however, 

 possessing no dusky bar across the ends of the greater 

 wing-coverts, thus interrupting the wliite wing-patch, 

 should probably be referred to the present species. 

 The females of both species are so variable in every 

 character we have te.sted that it is (piite impossible 

 to say to which some examples should be referred.* 



Upon comjiaring a series of two males and as many 

 females of the European Golden-eye (L*. chuujulu) with 

 a very large number of American specimens, we ore 

 unable to detect any dift'erence in coloration. The 

 difference in size, however, is so great, and moreover constant, a.s fully to justify their separation 

 M distinct races. 



1 Described from Xo. 23261, New Brunswick ; G. A. Boaupmas. 



2 In a paper entitled "On the Golileu-eyes, or Carrots, in Nova Scotia," Mr. J. Beniard Gilpin arrives 

 «t the same conclusion, after careful study of sjH-cinitns in the (lesli (see jtp. 398, 399). This paper, 

 which, in its way, is quite a monograph, is evidently an extract from some larger publication, the title of 



Female. 



