68 



LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSliiUES. 





Sp. Char. Adult nuile, in winter: Foruheatl, crown, occiput, impe, cliin, thront, lowtjr part of 

 tlie neck (all round), nnd upper part of the jugiiluni and buck, white ; loms, cheeks, und orbital 

 region li},'ht niouse-^ray, the eyelids white ; a large olilong space covering the sides of the neck, 

 black, becoming light grayish brown in its lower portion. Middle of the buck, rump, ujiper tail- 

 coverts, tail, wings, lower part of the jngulmn, whole 

 breast, and upper part of the alxlomen, black ; the jiec- 

 toral area very al ruptly defined both anteriorly and 

 posteriorly — the Litter with a strongly convex outline. 

 Scapulars glaucous-white or very i)ale pearl-gri y ; 

 posterior lower parts white, the sides strongly shaded 

 with pearl-gray, liasal half of the bill black, the 

 terminal portion orange-yellow, with the nail bluish 

 gray ; iris lirigbt carmine ; feet light plumbeous, the 

 webs dusky, and claws l)lack. "The outer half of 

 the bill rich orange-yellow, that color extending to the 

 base along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half 

 black, as well as the unguis and edges of the lower 

 mandible" (Audubon). Adult inale, in summer: 

 Lores, cheeks, and sides of the forehead, jjale mouse- 

 gray ; eyelids, and a postocular longitudinal space, 

 white ; rest of the head, whole neck, and upper parts 

 generally sooty-black ; upjier part of the back more 

 or less variegatetl with fulvous ; scapulars widely 

 edged with the same, varying on some feathers to 

 ochraceous and pale buff. Breast and ujijier part of the 

 abdomen dark sooty-grayish, abruptly defined behind 

 with a semicircular outline, as in the winter plumage ; remaining lower parts white, shaded on 

 tlie sides with pale pearl-gray. Bill black, crossed, in front of the nostrils, by a wide liand of 

 orange ; iris yellowish brown ; feet bluish black, the joints and under surface of the webs black.* 

 Adult female, imcinter: Head, neck, and lower parts, 

 chiefly white ; forehead, medially, and crown, dusky ; 

 auricular region, chin, and throat, tinged with the 

 same ; jugulum light dingy gray. Upper parts dusky 

 brown, the scapulars bordered with grayish fulvous or 

 light raw-umber brown, some of the feathers tipped 

 with pale ashy. Adidt female, in summer : Head and 

 neck dark grayish brown, with a large space surroiuid- 

 ing the eye, and another on the side of the neck, gray- 

 ish white ; upper parts as in the winter plumage, but 

 upper part of the back variegated with light brown, 

 the scapulars chiefly of this color, with the central por- 

 tion dusky. " Bill and feet dusky green ; iris yellow " 

 (Audubon). Young: Somewhat similar to the winter 

 female, but much more uniform above, w'ith scarcely 

 any lighter bonlers to the scapulars, the head and neck 

 light brownish gray, darker on the pileum, and indis- 

 tinctly whitish before and behind the eye. 



Downy young : " Above, uniform dark hair-brown, relieved only on side of head by a grayish 

 white space on lower eyelid, a similar but smaller spot immediately above the eye, a light brownish 



Male, winter plumage. 



Male, smnmer plumage. 



1 Fresh colors of No. 67837, c^nd., St. Michael's, Alaska; L. M. TunxEn. Audubon describes the 

 fresh colors of bill, etc., in the suinincr <f of this species as follows : "Bill black in its basal Imlf, orango- 

 yellow toward the end, the unguis bluish-gray. Iris bright carmine. Feet light bluish-gray, tho webs 

 dusky, claws black." 



' Described from siwcimcns obtained at Point Barrow, Alaska (Arctic coast), by Messrs. Murdoch 



