ANATIN^E — THE DUCKS — CEDEMIA. 



89 



(Edemia americana. 



THE AMERICAN BLACK SCOTEB. 



Anas nigra, WiLs. Am. Oiii. VIII. 1814, 135, jil. 72 (not of Linn.). 



Oidemia amcrkaim, Sw. & Kick. F. H. A. II. 1831, 450. — Baiiii), B. N. Am. 1858, 807 | Cat. N. 



Am. B. 1859, no. 604. 

 (Edcmin amcrkann, Couk.s, Key, 1872, 293 ; Check List, 1873, no. 516 ; 2d eJ. 1882, no. 737 ; B. 



K. W. 1874, 581. — RiDow. Norn. N. Am. H. 1881, no. 630. 

 Fuligula (Oidemia) nincricami, N'viT. Man. II. 1834, 422. 

 FuUgula americana, Ann. <.)in. Biog. V. 1839, 117, pi. 408 ; Synop. 1839, 290 ; B. Am. VL 1843, 



343, 1)1. 403. 



Had. Coasts and lurgor jnliind waters of Northern North America, south to the Great 

 Lakes, New Jersey, and California. Mountains of Colorado (Boulder Co., June 1 ; Mrs. M. A. 

 Maxwell). 



Sv. Char. Aihdt male: Entire plumage uniform deep black, the neck very faintly glossed 

 with dull violaceous, the feathers somewhat distinctly defined ; basal half of the maxilla, except a 



CE. americana. 



stripe along the tomium, bright orange; (yellowish in the dried skin), the remainder of the bill 

 black ; iris hazel ; legs and feet dull black. "Tiie bulging part of the upper mandible is bright 

 orange, jjaler above, that color extending to a little before the nostrils ; the rest of the upper man- 

 dible, including its basal margin to the breadth of from three to two twelfths of an inch, black, aa 

 is the lower mandible. Iris brown. Feet brownish black " (Aidubon). Adult female : Ahove, 

 dull dark grayish brown, the iVathers of the back an<l scapular.^ tipped with lighter ; lower jiarts 

 lighter, the pale tips broader, though lacking on the posterior portions ; lateral and lower parts of 

 the head and neck nearly uniform very pale grayish brown, ([uite abru]>tlj' defined against the 

 uniform dark brown of the pileum and na)ie. Bill entirely black. Voioui : Upper parts, jugu- 

 lum, sides, and flanks, luiiform dark grayish brown ; sides of head and neck, chin and throat, dirty 

 whitish, tinged with brownish gray, quite abruptly defined against the dark brown of tlie pileura 

 and nape ; abdomen whitish, each feather marked with a dusky grayish brown bar just beneath 

 the surface, some of these bars exposed ; anal region and crissum grayish brown, the feathers tipped 

 with white. Bill and feet black, 

 vol,. II. — 12 



