I'HALACllOCORACID^E — THE CORMORANTS — PlIALACROCORAX. 145 



n. Bill robust, loniprossetl, the culinen straij,'ht, tlie nmxilliiry uni,'iii3 sluiuler and not urchccl. 

 Tail-lwitlii-rs iburtt'L'ii, very short (less than hall' the wiiif,'). {Vomjisnhnluus.^) 



4. P. penicillatus. Adult, j;los.sy blue-black, with a patch of pale fawn-color or brownish 



white adjoining base of the gular sac. In the breed iiiy-scasou, sides of the neck and upper 

 scapulars ornanienteii by long, stilf, bristly white or pale stiaw-colored filaments. Hah. 

 Wt'stern coast of North America. 

 C. ]]ill slender (more robust in F. j)erq)icillatnii), nearly cylindrical, the maxilla much broader 

 than deep, its unguis abruptly hooked and not arched, that of the mandible strongly 

 (onvc.v below. Tail-feathers twelve. {Urilc.) 



5. P. pelagicuB. Feathers of the forehead advancing to the base of the culnien. Adult, 



head and neck rich silky violet ; lower parts and rump silky dark green ; scajiulars and 

 wings bottle-green, tinged with puri>le. In the brecdiny-aeamn, neck and rump orna- 

 mented by narrow pure-white filaments, aiul ilanks covered with a pure-white patch. 

 Ilab. Pacific coast of North America. 



6. P. urile. Feathei's of the forehead sejiarated from the base of the culmeu l)y a strip of 



bare skin connecting the naked lores. Adult, similar to pelaijiais, but neck less purplish, 

 the scapulars rich purplish violet. Nuptial ornaments same as in P, yehujicus. Ilab. 

 Coast and islands of Alaska, north of Kadiak. 



7. P. perspicillatus. Similar to pelaijkus and urik, but much larger (length, 3G.(K) inches, 



bill 4.(»0, tail !).(X), tarsus ;}.()()), with straw-colored fihiments on head and upper neck, 

 the eyes encircled with a broad white ring of naked skin, like spectacles. Otherwise 

 much like urile in plumage. Ilab. Behring Island, Kamtschatka ; " Russian America." 

 (Probably now extinct I) 



Phalacrocoraz carbo. 



THE COMMON COBMOBAKT. 



PelceaiiHn carbo, Link. S. N. cd. 10, I. 1758, 133 ; od. 12, I. 176(5, 216. 



l'haliirniciirii.r mrhn, Hoxap. Syno]!. 182S, no. 3,'')3. — NiiTT. Man. 11. 1834, 479. — AuD. Orn. Hiog. 



III. 183."), 4.''.8 ; Syiiop. 183!», 302 ; 15. Am. VI. 1843, 412, pi. 41.''.. — KinciW. Norn. N. .\mi. IJ. 



1881, no. 642. — CouEs, Check List, 2a ed. 1882, no. 750. 

 Omciilus carlo, (!iiav, Ocn. B. 1845. — Lawu. in Haird's B. N. Am. 1858, 876. — Baird, Cat. N. 



Am. B. 185it, no. 620. — Coiii;s, Key, 1872, 302 ; Check List, 1873, no. 528. 

 t'nrlto macrorhjinchits, Lkss. Traito, 1831, 604 (Newfoundland). 

 rhiilacrocorax carbo, vur. macrorhijnchtis, BoxAl'. Consp. II. 1855, 168. 

 Plfilncrocorax imicrorlnjiuhm, Boxai-. ('ompt. Rend. XLII. 1856, 766. 

 I'fhrnnuK plmlacrocor(i.i\ Biti;NN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 31. 

 Ciirtm airmoranus, Mi'.vr.i!, Tiischcub. IL 1810, 576. 



('(irlio (jbicialis, arliornis, and subcormnraiuis, BlliniM. Viig. Deutschl. 1831, 817, 818, 819. 

 I'liahurocorax amcrkanus, Hkich. Syst. Av. 1850, t. 47. 



IIah. Coasts of the North Atlantic ; south, in America, to Now Jersey in winter. 



Si'. Chau. Tail of fourteen feathers ; bill strong, the eulmen slightly concave in the middle 

 li'irtioii, ascending basally, the nail arched aiul strongly hooked ; maxilla broader than high. Out- 

 liiiiMifthe feathering behind the orbits rounded, extending thence backwaiil and downward to 

 lii'liind the rictus (where the bare skin forms an obtuse angle), then straight downwaitl across the 

 low er jaw, aud finally curving gradually foruiird, forming an acute angle on the middle of the 

 gnlin- pouch. Adult, in full breedimj-})lumage : Occiput with a narrow manc-like pendant crest of 

 soil feathers. Head, neck, rump, ond lower parts soft glossy blue-bliick; back, scapulai-s, and 

 wiiig-coverts bronzy slate-brown, each feather broadly and sharply bordea'd with blue-black ; pri- 

 maries and tail deep dull Idack, the shafts of the latter growing milky white toward the base. A 

 bniail crescentic patch of white adjoining the posterior part of the gular pouch, its posterior outline 



' CnmpsohalictLi, III now. 

 }iismli)r), 



vol.. II. - 19 



type, Carbo pchicillatus, BiiANDr (K0^^6t = comptm, and dXieiJt = 



