UHYNCIIOriD.K — Till'] RKIMMKRS — IlIIYNrilOrs. 



198 



llnsiiiui'. Rasiil hull' (iiiipvoxiiiiiiti'ly) of tlic bill liii,i;lit vcnuilioii, the iiiim(lil)lo imm' sciirlct, 

 ^ll;l(lillJ,' into yt'llowisli on tin; toniinni ; torniinal jiorlion hlack ; iris diiik lirown ; li'j,'s and IWt 

 villi (ii',inj,'e-vt'nnilion, daws Mack. Adult, in wiiittr: Similar, bnl tlic black more brownish, and 

 iiiiiiiuiitc'tl by a broiul nnclial collar of while. Yu any, first pluDutijc: Ujiper parts light bull', each 

 I'oatlier with a. central spot of black, these spots lar,!,'est on the scapulars; lores and suborbital 

 n'i,'iiin uniform pale bulf ; a space immediately before and behind the eyes, dusky. Cireater \vinj4- 



covcrts slate-black, tipju'd with white ; .secondaries pure white for neaily the whole of the exposed 

 |Hiitiou ; primaries liiack, the fourth, (ifth, and sixth bordered terminally with li;,'iit buff, the four 

 inner ipiilis dusky, pa.ssinj; {gradually into white at the ends. I,)wer j)arts entirely pure white, 

 liill and fei't reddish dusky. Ihiniij ijnumj : Above, very pale grayish buff, irregularly and spai'sely 

 mottled with blackish ; below, immaculate while. 



.I(^»/^ male: Total length, about 17.00 to '20M) inches ; extent, 4S.(H) ; wing, U.Tn-l.'i.Tr) ; tail, 

 :").,'i(), its fork, about 1.20; culmen, 2.r)5--2.80 ; gonys, 3.10-4.70; i irsus, I.;i0; middle toe, .80- 

 ,8,-). Adult female: 15.-25 to 1(5.75, 44.50, 13.50-14. 'i.'i, 4.40-5.(H), 2.00-2.30, 2.45-3.00, 1.15-1.20, 

 .7."). 



As a rule. South American specimens me larger than those from North America, the bill espe- 

 ciiilly being much longer. Thus, in a series of eight adult examples from northern localities, the 

 ni;iiiilible measin'es from 2.!)0 to 4.10 inches in length (measming from the chin), while in three 

 skins tVom South America, and one each from (iuatemala and Nicaragua, the same measurenu'nt 

 ranges from 4..50 to 4.70 inches. In an adult male from Conchilas, Huenos Ayre.s, however, the 

 niaiidjbli' is only 3.25 in length ; while in another from Peru (No. 15511 ; Captain Wii.kks) it 

 measures 3.()0, and is reniarkai)ly narrow. This specimen has the tail wholly uniform dusky. 

 We liave not been able to discover any constant dill'erences of coloration between northern and 

 sentliern liirds of this species. There is much variation a.s reganls the color of the tail, which in 

 snnie is wliolly a uniform dusky-brown color ; in others (older birds () the tail is white, onl\' the 

 inteniiediie lieing brownisli, and these with a broad edging of white. Other s]iecimens are var- 

 iunsly intermediate in this respect, so that this variation is probably due to age.' Audubon 

 ('• i'.inls of .Vnierica," VII. 73) says that in the young, "after the tirst autumnal moult, there is on 

 the iiind part of the neck u broail band of white, mottled with grayish black ;" thu upper parts of 



' .\ecoiiling to M. 'i'liezanowski, in " I'roc. Zonl. .Soe. I.ninl ," 1S71, ]>)). .''iti2, M\), IVniviaa spiriiiicns 

 (lillci I'onstuntly in .several respects from Nortli .\nieriean exaiuiiles, luiil to such an extent that he eonsid- 

 cis them specilieally distinct. IIo says : " Tiicse bii-ds an; .so diU'orent from J!, iiiijni tliat it is impossible 

 t(i eoiifiiunil them. The length of tlic wing [U'eseiits the greatest dill'erenei? ; that of the IVruvian species 

 exeieils the wing of 7i'. )i/;/nr by sixty millini. The bill is iniieli largei- and stronger. The coloring ahso 

 preMiils sevend dill'erenees ; llu' principal consists in tlie eoinplite iilisenee of the white speculum on 

 tile wing, which in the North American bird oeeiipies the terminal half of the .secondary tpiills. The 

 while demi-colhir on the neck also is wanting in our bird, being imiieated only by a little \m\vr color than 

 that of the surrounding parts. The under wing-coverts arc not whiti', hut browni.sh gray; t hi' forehead, 

 sides of tlio lace, and front part of thi' throat are more or less clouded with gray. The whole tail is 

 lilaiKlsh bniwii, the roctrices with a clear border. 



" M. .lelski has indicated on the laliels that the pupil is not round, but verticul, as in the cat. Diinen- 

 siciiis of a nialo : — 



Milliiii. tlillliu. 



length of folded wing .... 41.''i Length of maxilla 10,1 



. . . 41.''. 



the tail VM 



the bill from thu gapu . i;iO 



tarsus 36 



middlu tuu with uluw . 30 ' 



^ii 



vor,. 11. - 2.5 



