LARID.E — THE GULLS AND TERNS — LARUS. 



211 



white ; bill brownish, black tcrmiiuiUy. Wiii^', about 13. IT) iiuhus. Hah. Pacific coast, 

 from British Columbia to Panama. 

 Ci AilnU with the head and upper -part af the neck black in summer, fi)rmitiij a viil-dijiiitd "■hmid ; " 

 plumar/c of the lower parts rose-tinted; size medium to very small ; the bill slender. (Chroi- 

 cocephalus, Evton.) 



a. Tarsus lon^'or than tiiu middle toe and chnv. 



17. L. atrlcilla. Bill and leut dark brownish red, the former sometimes tippi-d with brij,'liti'r 

 red ; eyelids dull red ; iris dark brown ; hood dark sooty-slate ; mantli- deeii jihuubeous- 

 slate. Wiuf,', aliout 13. (K) inches, llnb. Atlantic coast of America, south to the Lower 

 An\azon, north, casually, to Maine ; Pacilic coast of Central America ; ca.sual in Europe. 



b. Tarsus shorter than the middle toe and claw. 



18. L. Pranklini. Bill and feet carniine-i'ed ; iris dark brown ; hood plumbeous-black ; man- 

 tle deep bluisli-plumheous. Wing, about 11.2.5 inches. JLdi. Interior of North America, 

 migrating south over the most of Central an<l South America, and breeding diielly north 

 of the United States. 



1!). L. pbiladelphiaB. Bill uniform deep black ; legs and feet line orangi'-rc(l in summer, 

 liesh-isolor in winter; iris dark brown; hood dark jdunibeous ; niantle delicate pearl- 

 blue. Wing, about 10.25 inches. Hah. North America in general, but not south of the 

 United States, excejit in Bermudas ; breeding far northward. 



[L. minutus. Bill reihlish dusky ; legs and feet vermilion- or coral-red ; liood deep black ; 

 mantle delicate pearl-gray; primaries without any black markings. Wing, about 8.75- 

 9.0() inches. Hab. Pahearctic Region. *] 



Larus glaucus. 



THE OLAVCOUS OULL. 



Larus (jlaucux, Bni'NN. Orn. Bnr. 1764, 44. — Faiui. Faun. Orrenl. 17S0, 100. — Omkl. S. N. I. ii. 

 1788, fiOO. — NuiT. Man. II. 1834, 30(i. — Ai:n. Oiii. Hiog. V. l.S3!t, .'.!», \A. 3!t«) ; Syiio].. 183!t, 

 32'J ; B. Am. Vll. 1844, 170, pi. 449. — Lawk, in Bainl's B. N. Am. 18.-)8, 842. — l'.Aii;n, (at. 

 N. Am. B. 1859, no. 656. — Corivs, Key, 1872, 311 ; Cheek List, 1873, no. 543 ; 2.1 ed. 1882, 

 no. 768; B. N. W. 1874, 620. — Sai'ndkiis, P. Z. S. 1878, 165. — Itiixiw. Norn. N. Am. B. 



1881, no. 660. 



Larus hypcrborcus, fiuNN. in Lccni's Lapp. Beskr. 1767, 283. — Stk.in. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V, 



1882, 39. 



Larus (jhcia! Is, "Bknickk," JIacoill. Mom. Worn. Soc. V. pt. i. 1824, 270. 



Lurus giganteus, "Tkmm." Bi-.nickk, Ann. Wetteiau. (iesellseh. 111. 1814, 140. 



" Lnrus consul , BoiF, Wiedemann's Zool. Mag. 1. 126" (SArxDF.lis). 



Ltirus kuceretcs, S(;ni,Ki:i', N. Ann. Welterau. Oesellseli. I. 1819, 314. 



Lams islandicns, Kdmox.st. Mem. Weill. Soc. IV. 1822, 185 (iicc Edmonst. op. cit. p. 506 = 



L. kucoplcrus). 

 Larus Hufchinsii, Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 419 (note).— Cofi;s, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, 294. — 



Elliot, lllustr. Am. B. II. pi. 53. 



IIah. Circumpolar Regions, south in winter to Long Island, the Great Lakes, and North 

 Pacific. 



Si\ Char. Adult, in summer: Mantle very pale pearl-blue ; primaries still paler pearl-blue, 

 or bluish white, fading gradually into white at ends, their shafts yellowish white or jiale straw- 

 color. "Iris golden yellow; eyelids orange-yellow; bill lemon-yellow, greeiii.sh toward tip, 

 ciinison spot on lower mandible; tarsi and toes flesh-color" (L. Kumlien, MS.*). Adult, 



' The characters of thi.s species arc given on account of its poss^ilile neeurreiK'e in North America. 



" According to Audubon, the adult male li.is the hill, etc., colored as follows : " I'.ill gamlioge-yellow, 

 with a carmine patch toward the end of the lower inaiidililo, and the edges of both mandililes at the ba.so 

 of till' same color. Edges of cyeliils rod, iris yellow. Feet flesh-eolored, claws yidlowisli." The young 

 lue tiisi^rilied as having the bill yellow to beyond the nostrils, the end black ; the feet Itesh-eolored, with 

 (hisky claws ; and the iris brown. 



