ill 



212 



LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



I 





i| 



J 



:^f*N*?^%^ 



■-*•*;.-; 



X- 



'V. • 



/ 



in jrinfer: Similar to the summer iiliima^e, l)i!t head nml neck streaked with jialu brownisih },'ra,v. 

 "Tliebill is wine-yeUow, the lower mandilile with uu orpimeiit patch near the end; the e(lj,'(s 

 of the eyelids jtale yellow ; the feet tlesh-colored, the claws bluish black" (Macoilmvuay). 

 Younff, first plumage : Ashy white, more or less tini^'cd with pale brownish ash below, the upiM r 



parts more or less nmt- 

 tled transversely witli 

 the same ; head and 

 neck faintly streaked 

 with the same. Ter- 

 minal third of bill 

 dusky, basal portidii 

 flesh-color ; le^'s and 

 feet tlesh-color ; " iris 

 yellowish brown " 

 (KlMMKN, MS.).' 



Ymuig, in second viii- 

 ter: Wholly pun' 

 u-hite, the bill and fctt 

 colored as above. 

 Downy young (No. 

 7()217, Kingwah Fiord, 

 Cumljerland Gnlf, 

 June 24,1878; L.KuM- 

 lien): Grayish white, 

 paler below ; head 

 and neck irrejjulaily 

 marked with scattered 

 laiye spots of dusky ; 

 back, wings, and ruin]) 



irregularly clouded with dark grayish. Bill brownish, crossed by a broad dusky band ; AtI 

 light brown. 



Totid length, 28.50 to 32.00 inches ; extent, 57.00 to fiS.OO ; wing, lf).75-18.()0 (17.93) ; culnicn, 

 2.15-2.«5 (2.44) ; depth of bill through angle, .75-l.(K) (.85) ; tarsus, 2.30-3.00 (2.70) ; middle 

 toe, 1.05-2.50 (2.26). [Fourteen specimens.] 



There is a very great amount of individual variation in this species, some specimens being hardly 

 distinguishable from L. lencopterus, while others are larger than the average of L. vKirinus. Wt; 

 have found it excee<lingly difficult, with a series of eighteen examples of both species before us, In 

 define the limit between glaucus and Icucopterus, the coloration being quite the same in the adnlt 

 stage, and the individual variation in each so great that they very nearly intergrade, nolwitli- 

 stnnding the vast difference in size between the largest specimens of the former and the smallest of 

 the latter. The variation in size seems to be individual and sexual rather than local. 



The r$urgonia.stpr Gull appears to be confined, during the summer, to the northern 

 shores of the Atlantic and I'aoific oceans, and to the connecting portions of the Arc- 

 tic Sea. It is peculiarly a high nortliern sjiecies, being found in tlie Arctic Kcgions 

 of Europe and Asia, and in the more northern portions of North America. In tlie 

 Pacific it appears to be to a large extent replaced, on the American shore, by tlie 

 fflfiuemscens. * 



Messrs. Evans and Sturge, in their visit to Spitzbergen, found it breeding in ini- 



• Macgillivray ("Hist. Brit. R." V. 563, 564) de-scribes the fresh colors of the bill, etc., in the youn},'a> 

 follows: " Y'oung : The bill is horn-color, or pale yellowish gniy ; the upper mandible brownish black 1«- 

 yond the nostrils ; the lower beyond the angle. The feet are flesh-color ; the claws lightish brown. Voimii, 

 in third winter : The bill is yellowish fle.sh-color, with only a du.sky .spot on each ninndiWe toward the 

 ond ; iris dull gray ; the edges of the eyelids yellow ; the feet flesh-color ; the claws light grayi.sh black." 



Adult. 



