

318 



LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



At Smaller (wiiifj; 8.50 inches or less) ; head wliolly dusky or black. 



1. H. nigra. Upper tail-coverfs and tail phuubeous, like the hack ; \vin<;s uniform plumbeons. 



a. Lower parts pUmibeous, scarcely, if at all, darker than the upper surface. Huh. 



Europe niyrn} 



/3. Lower parts black, much darker than the upper parts, which are decidedly darker than 



in //. niijra. Hah. America surinavunitif. 



2. H. leucoptera. Upper tail-coverts and tail white, sometimes shaded with pearl-gray ; 



anterior lesser wini,'-coverts white, lower parts black, as in //. surinamensis. Ilab. Pala;- 

 arctic Rej;ion ; accidental in North America (Wisconsin ; Kumlikn). 

 B. Lar;,'er (win;,' i).M inches) ; a broad white stripe on side of the head, below the eye. 



3. H. leucopareia.^ Entire jnleiim, including lores and nape, uniform black ; a wide stripe on 



the side of the head, from the chin and rictus back to the nape, beneath the eyes, also the. 

 crissum and lining of the wing, white ; rest of the plumage uniform light bluish plumbeous. 

 Hub. Palajivrctic Region ; accidental in West Indies. 



tm 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensia 



THE BLACK TEBN. 



Sterna surinatncn.iis, Omki,. S. N. I. 1788, 604. 



Hydrochelidon surinamensis, BoNAl". Comiit. licnd. 1850, 773. 



Hydrocliclidon lariformis surinamensis, UllxiW. Noiu. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 693. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis, Sriys. Proc. U. S. Xiit. JIiis. Vol. 5, 1882, 40. 



Sterna jilumbea, AViLs. Am. Urn. VII. 1813, 83, jil. 83 (== youn^;). 



Hydrochelidon jilumhea. Lawk, in Ikiid's B. N. Am. 1858, 864. — Baird, Cat. N.Am. B. 1859, 



no. 695. 

 Sterna nigra, Sw. & l{icn. F. B. A. II. 1831, 415 (nco Linn.). — NrxT. Man. 11. 1834, 282. — Am. 



Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 593 ; V. 1839, 642, pi. 180; Synop. 1839, 320; B. Am. VII. 1844, llti, 



pi. 438. 

 Hiidrochclidon nigra (part), Sai-noku.s, P. Z. S. 1878, 642. 

 Hi/droehclidon Jissipes (part), (dUKs, Pr. Philiul. Acad. 1862, 554 (nee Sterna fissijKS, LiNN.) ; Key, 



1872, 323; t'hcck List, 1873, no. 575. 

 Hydrochelidon lariformis (piut), CouKS, B. N, W. 1874, 704 (nee Jiallvs lariformis, Linn.); 2(1 



Check List, 1882, no. 806. 



Hah. The whole of temperate North America, and portions of tropical Ar.ierica ; north to 

 Alaska, south to Chili ; breeds tlirougliout its range, except toward the extreme south. 



Si'. Char. Adult, in summer : Head, neck, and lower parts sooty blink, the head !ind neck, 

 especially above, nearly pure black ; anal region and crissum pure white. Entire upper parts 



1 HyDUOCIIEMDON NIOIiA. 



Sterna nigra, Linn. .S. N. cd. 10, I. 1758, 137 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 227. 

 Hydrochelidon nigra, Hoik, Isis, 1822, 563. 

 Jinn us lariformis, Linn. S. X. cd. 10, I. 1758, 153. 

 Hydrochelidon lariformis, ('ori;.H, B. N. W. 1874, 704 (part). 

 Sterna navia, Linn. S, N. 1. 1766, 228 (ex Biiiss. ; = /lalhis lariformis oi cd. 10). 

 s HvnnociiKijnoN i.Krcoi'AiiKiA. 



Sterna leucoparcia, NArrKUF.n, in Temm. Man. 1820, 726. 



Hydrocliclidon leucoparcia, (iorun, Ilandli. to B. Aiistr. II. 1865, 406. 



Slcnui jamnica, HoiisF, Trnns. Linn. Sor. XIII. 1820, 198. 



Sterna grisea, HonsF. t. c. 199. 



Sterna hyhrida, Pai.i,. Zoog. Rosso-As, II. 1826, 338. 



Hydrochelidon hyhrida, Okay, (ion. B. III. 1846, 660. — SArvDERS, P. Z. S. 1876, 640. 



Sttrna Dclaniottei, Vikim,. Fmin. Pr. 1828, 402. 



Sterna similis, OiiAv & IIardw. Illustr. Ind. Zool. I. 1882, pi. 70, fig. 2. 



Hydrochelidon fluvial His, (iouM), p. /. S. 1842, 140. 



Hydrochelidon Delalandii, Honai'. Conipt. liciid. Xldl. 1856, 773. 



Sterna innotata, Bkavan, Ibis, 1868, 404 (young). 



