l'()l»l('Il'll).l': — TIIK (lliKliKS IIV'I'KS. 



435 



; Syiiop. 18^0, 



IIaii. Till' tyiiical rurm rcsiiiitccl to llic I'Mlicantii Itrj^imi ainl (IicciiImiiiI ; wu. iiiliJaniiniA 

 ili.sti'iliutcd over NiiilluTii ami Wotciii Nuitli AiiuTha, iKHtli In ( Jii at Sla\c Lake, mhuIi In (limlc- 

 iiiala, ami vu!*l to tlu; Mi.-*.-i^siii|ii X'aJK'j. I'lricils maily lliioiij^iiout it.-. N'nilli Aiiiciiian raii^^f. 



Si'. CiiAii. Ailiill, brciiliiiij-jiliiiniiiji; : Ik'uil, mrk, ami iipin'r [lail-* iliili lilark ; uii carh siih' 

 of tin- luiul, lifliiml the eyes, ami occupying,' tin- wiiolc of (lie iio>|iMiilar ami aiiiiciilar ri';;ioiis, 

 a liattciicd tiifl of ('liiii;;ati'il, iiairow, and pojnti'il fcalluTs of an oi'liracioii.s rolor, tiioM' of 

 till- lower (lart of tlic tuft iiu'liiiiii^' to lufoiis oi' fcnii^'iiious, iIiom' ajon^' tlic u|i|it'i' cil^'i' i-lraw- 

 yi'llow or liiiff, soiuctiini's, Imt rari'iy, l'oMiiiii<; a ratlu r wili-tUlimil >U(ak ; fore part of the head 

 soiin'tiiiiL's iinliiiiiiL; to j,'rayisli or xiiioky dii>ky. I'lipfr parts liiacki.-ii du>ky, tin' m'i (Hiilai irs — 

 Hoim-tiiiios also tlu! iiiiicr priiiiarifs — mostly or I'litiitly wliitc. Lower parts satiny white, the 

 sjiles mixed chestimt-rufoiis and dusky. Dili ditp hhu k ; iris hrij,'ht eainiine, with an inner 

 whitish ruv^ ; lejjs and feet "dusky ^'ay externally, (,'ieeidsli j,'ray on ihe inner side '" i .U in iidn). 

 H'iiilir plniiittiii' : I'ileiini, nape, and upper parts fiiliL;iiious.>late or pluiiilieoiis-dii>ky ; malar 

 rejiion, ihiii, and throat white; auricular ref^ion wiiile, soiiielinies tin^^ed pale j,'iayi>li lailf or 

 li^dit j,'riiyish ; fore part and sides of the iieek pale dull 

 l^rayish ; lower parts satiny while, the sides jilumlieous- 

 diisky. " Ujiper iiiamlilile },'reeni>h Mark, (,'rowiii^' pale ashy 

 olive-|,'reL'ii oil liasal third of the eoiniiiissure (liroadly) ami 

 on the eulnieii ; lower luamlihle ashy olive-^reeii, paler he- 

 low, and more yellowish hasally ; iris hrij^hl oran;.;e-reil,ni<pre 

 scarlet outwardly, and with a line thread-like white liii^' 

 ai'oiiml thepii[iil; tarsi and toes dull lilackish on the outer 

 siiie, passinj^ on the tdj,'e.s into olive-green ; inner sitle dull 

 lij^iit yellowish grei'ii ; inner toe a|ipl(' green." ' y(iHn(j,Jtnst 

 plKiniiiji' : Siinihir to the winter adult, hut colors more lnown- 

 ish. Dinriuj iimuKj : Top of the head, as far down as the 

 aiiricuhirs, dusky, the forehead divided medially hy a wliite 

 line, which .soon separates into two, each of which again 

 hifurcatew on thu 8ide of the erowii (over the eye), "'it' 



hranch running ohliijuely <h)Wiiwai'd and hackward to the sides of the nape, the other cnntiniied 

 straight hack to the occiput ; middle of the crown with a small oliloie' or ellipiical spot of hare 

 reddish skin. Suhorhital, auricular, and malar regions, chin, and throat i'limaciilate wliiti' ; 

 foreiieck pale grayi.sh ; lower parts white, hecuiniiig grayish laterally and postt'riorly , "pper parts 

 dusky grayish. 



Total length, about 13.00 inches ; extent, 21.00 ; wing, ahout U.-H\-').U{\ ; culineii, .im-I.lo. 



With four adults and two young hirds of triu^ niiin'rdlli.^, and a very large series of Anieiiiaii 

 speciiiielis (/'. " ni^/onu'cKs," Lawk.), we notice certain dilferemes, alrea<ly pointed out hy Dr. 

 Cones (" Pr. I'hihid. Acad." ISd^, p. -I'M), which distinguish tlu^ hirds of the two coiilineiils, with 

 the very notalde e.xception of t\ single specimen of the American series, fiom California, in which 

 the chief supposed peculiarity of the Kiiropean form is vastly exaggerated. Were it not for this 

 .-solitary e,\cei)ti(ni to the rule, we should have litth; hesitation in separating the AiiK'ricaii hirds as 

 a distinct species. It should be borne in mind in this connection that the series of iMiiopeaii speci- 

 mens is very RmuU, so tliat a conclusion baseil u])on their comparison with the .\inerican series 

 would hanlly he a fair one. All the Kiiro|iean examjiles we have seen, both oM and yiiiiiig, have 

 stouter hills, with the gonys more decidedly a.scending ; and the latter are more darkly colored 

 than the young of the American form. 



The main dilfereiice supposed to distinguish the .Vnu'rican from the European birds of this 

 species is stated by Dr. Cones to he as follows : " In the American Kared (Jrebe all tiie jiriniaries 

 are throughout their whole extent dark chocolate-brown, with a more or less iiolabh- amount of 

 ihill I'l'ddish in the adult. The two iii'st secondaries are of the color of its jtrimaiies, and bordered 

 witli white ; and the bii.sjil portions and shafts of all, for the greater i)art of their h'liglh, are of the 

 same chocolate-brown. In all the specimens of the Kuropean tyjie examined, the charactei-s of 

 llie wing are very dillereiit. The four inner primaries are wholly ]>uri^ while ; the next is white, 

 with a sprinkling of hrown on the outer web ; the ni'Xt is white, its outer vane brown; and all 



• Orii. Fortieth rumllel, p. G-t'J ; fiuiii ii male killed, DcccimIht 21, iit ryiaiiiiil l.itke, Niv. 



