UIUNATOlUDvK — THE LOUNS - UlllNATUU. 



445 



SU'iiii'tJLT in the " Proceedings " ul" the Uuiteil Stiite.s Niilioniil Miiseuni, Vol. T), pp. 4:J, 4;j, as 

 I'ollows ; — 



" LiniuL'Hs united the Grebes and the Loons or Divers in the same •,'i'niis, Cnhjmhm ; hut in ITliti 

 JJrisson liad aireaily separated the Loons from the (irehes, retainin;,' tlie name C'o/i/mi((,i tor the 

 latter. In 1777 iScopoIi I'oUowed his exiunpie. Ten years hiter Latliam appliiMl tht; name I'DiHeipn 

 to tlie same p'oup, tiiis eonse([uentl3' lieinj,' a miM'e synonyine of Ciilijmhm as restricted hy Urisson. 

 As tlie name (»iven hy the latter author to the Loons was preoi'cu|iied, the nt^\t name, whirh is 

 I'uvier's Urinatnr, is to l)e used. The nami! Kmlytin (Ii.lkiku), althouf^h twelve years y(>ini;,'cr, 

 has been ^'cnerully ailopted, but it nuist t,'ive way to the older name, lor the su|>pressi(iu ol' which 

 1 see no reason." 



The North American species (there are none extraliiuital) may be distinguished as follows : — 



Synopsis of Species. 



1. U. immer. Adult: Head, neck, and upper jiarts black, the hcud and neck faintly 



glossed with lUill greenish ; nuddlc of the forencck, and sides of the lower neck, crossed 

 by )i bar of longitudinal wliiti; streaks; upper parts handsomely dotted with white, these 

 markings largt^sl, and (juite ipiadrate, on llu; scapulars ; lower parts white. I!ill lilack, 

 the e.ictreme tip only light colored. Ynuntj : Upper parts dusky, many c)f tlie feathers 

 tipi>e(l or edged with phunbeous ; lower parts, including uiiilcr side of head and neck, 

 white. Wing, 13.0()-l.'i.:i.") inches (average, 14. (Mi) ; cubnen, 2.7.')-:{.5(i (:{.(I7) ; depth of 

 bill through ba.se, .OO-l.tW (.!)(!); tai-sus, 2.7r)-3.8.'i (3.35); outer toe, 3.8.J-4.().5. Huh. 

 Northern part of iu)rthern hemisphere. 



2. U. Adamsii. Similar to immer, but much larger, the bill very dilferently shaped, the 



head and neck glos.sed with violel-lilue, instead of greenish, the white spots of the scapu- 

 lars decidedly longer than broail, and the bill light colored. Wing, 14. 8.'j-l.').4.'") inches 

 (average, 15.11) ; culnien, 3.50-3.(55 (3.5!)) ; depth of bill through base, 1 .(K)-1.20 (1.(1!)) ; 

 tarsus, 3.25-3.55 (3.41) ; outer toe, 4.|.">-4.(i5 (4.34). Iluh. Western Arctic America. 



3. U. arcticuB. Adult: Uniler side of head, with foreneck, velvety purplish black, with 



purplish violet gloss; upper ]tnrt of head and nape smoky ash ; sides of the neck with 

 several longitudinal row.s of whit(! streaks; upper ])arts black, tin; l)ack ami scapulars 

 with three htngitudinal .series of broud white bai-s ; lower parts white. Yiininj : Similar 

 in colow to the sjune .stage of immer and Adamsii. Wing, 12.15-13.20 inches (average, 

 12.55) ; cidmen, 2.50-2.85 (2.(10) ; depth 'f bill through l)a,se, .75-.SO (.7w) ; tarsu.s, 2.!M)- 

 3.30 (3.11) ; outer toe, 3.4.5-3. !»5 (3.7(i). //"''• Northern jiart of northern hemisphere, 

 chiefly the Paliearctic Region and Northeastern America. 



4. U. pacifious. Similar to arellcuK, but decidedly smaUer, with nutch smaller and more 



slender bill ; occiput ami nape much |)aler a.shy — almost smoky white ; black of the 

 fon^neck rather greenish than purplish. Wing, 11.20-12.25 inches (average, 11.54); 

 cuhuen, 2.(H>-2.35 (2.15) ; depth of bill through base, .5.-)-.()5 (.(;2) ; tarsus, 2.70-3.(H) 

 (2 8(i) ; outer toe, 3.30-3.70 (3.47). Ifah. Pacific coast of North America. 



5. U. lumme. Adult: Head and neck ashy, the crown and nape streaked with dusky ami 



white ; foreiu!ck with u longitudinal wedge-shaiied patch of rich chestnut ; upper parts 

 dusky slate, speckled with white ; lower parts white. Yimmj: Similar, but lower half of 

 head and whole foreiu'ck white, like the under jiarts. Wing, 10.(«>-1 L.'io inches ; culmen, 

 2.25 ; tarsus, 2.75. Ilab. Northern portion of northern hemisphere. 



I" ago been 

 by Ur. L. 



