ALCID.E — TllK AUKS — URIA. 



479 



I't'iu tt'olle. 



The Foolish Guillemot may bo tiikoii as omiiu'iitly tyiiical of those diving-birds 

 which are at once oceanic and Arctic. It occurs throughout the iu)rtlu'rn hemisphere, 

 altliough rare in the North Tacitic Ocean. On the American coast it breeds from 

 the mouth of the Hay t)f Fundy — where it is comparatively rare — northward as far 

 as the laud extends. In midwinter it is found in the open sea as far south as the 



U. tniil'' califirmica, summer adult. 



lower waters of the Chesa])eake. It is very rarely mot with in bays or land-locked 

 inlets, unless driven there by severe storms and against its own will. 



In Europe it wanders in winter to the Arediterranean, and breeds from tlie liritish 

 Islands northward. It is found throughout the Arctic^ Ocean, and breeds on nearly 

 all the islands north of Asia, Europe, and America. It was found by ISischoff 

 ])resent, but not abundant, at Kadiak. 



It is given by Professor Reiuliardt as being o\w of the resident species of (ireen- 

 land. In the sunuuer of 1858 Dr. Walker, in the Expedition of the "Fox," encoun- 

 tered tlumsands of this species on the coast of Greenlaiul, and afterward m Melville 

 Hay. 



According to Giraud, this bird is to be met with in winter off the coasts of Long 

 Island and New Jersey. Professor Newton states that Dr. iMalmgren found it breed- 

 ing on Hear Island, Si)itzbi'rgen, in almost iiu'redilde numbers ; and there he found 

 intermingled with it occasional specinu>ns of rr'm riinjcld, wliich he regards rather 

 as a variety of this bird than as entitled to specific rank. 



Middendorff met with this species on the Siberian coast, on the margins of the 

 tundras of that desolate region. 



Mr. Howard Saunders states that it is found on the ^lediterranean coast of Spain, 

 but that it is of very rare occurreiu^e there. Three specinu'us only were olitained by 

 him during the winter. Near Gil)raltar it was more nuuu'rous. Mr. Layard (" Ibis,'' 

 18G7, p. 249) mentions that in his voyage from I^ngland to Cape Town, wiien olf Cape 

 Finisterre he fell in with Hocks of these birds. Mr. Wright mentions that a single 

 example of this si)ecies was taken, about 18.'')2, at ^[alta, and that in 18G4 it was still 

 preserved in the museum of I'rofessor Delicatu. 



During the breeding-season these birds assendde by hundreds, or, more frecpiently, 

 by thousands, at certain localities, generally on extensive roctky islands, or on dirt's, 

 or bold shores. Toward these points they usually converge early in the month of 

 May. Notwithstanding the iunuense numbers that sometimes resort to the sanu? 

 rock, and although we often iind these birds breeding in company with those of 

 several other species, except when disturbed by the intrusion of man, there is a free- 

 dom from confusion and a prevalence of order and system in their operations f'lat is 

 quite remarkable. As if by mutual and common consent, not only do the different 



iiliipi 



