1 



ARDKID.E — THE HERONS — XYCTHEIl 



'8. 



Gl 



halt' till' lt'nt,'tli tit" the latter ; outer Ine deciiledly l(iii;,'er tlmu inner ; hallux sli},'htly longer than 

 ilie first i)halanx of the niidiUe toe ; hnro jMirtion of tibia as long as the outer toe ; tarsal scutellip 

 wiili a teiiilency to form transverse plates on the upiier half, in front ; claws ext'ee(lin<,'ly short, 

 >tinnyly curved, and blunt. Inner webs of two outer primaries eniarginated near the end ; tail of 



i^t 



J\r. violacens. 



twelve broad, moderately har<l feathei-s ; interscapular plumes j,'reatly elonf,'ated (extendinj; l)eyon<l 

 ilie tail), narrow, the plunuilic threadlike and soft, and separated outwardly. Occipital plumes 

 linear, liattened, longer than the head and bill, when fully developed, half a dozen or more in 

 number, and gmduated in length. 



Nyctherodius violaceus. 



THE WHITE-CBOWNED KIOHT HEBON. 



Ardcrt sleUaris cristata nmcricfimi, Catesdv, Carolina, 17.54, pi. 79 (adult). 



Bilwreau, dc Cnycnnc, Bvvv. IM. Knl. 1770-84, pi. 890 (.ultilt). 



Anlia violatea, Linn. .S. N. cd. 10, [. 1758, 143, no. 12 (ex Catosby, I.e.) ; ed. 12, I. I'fiS, 238, no. 



16. — Wn.s. Am. Orn. VIIl. 1814, 20, pi. 6',. — Xrrr. .Man. II. 1834, 52. — All). Oiii. Biog. 



IV. 1838, 290, i>l. ant) ; i^ynop. 1839, 262; Birds .Vni. VI. 1843, 89, pi. 364 (adult and young). 

 Xi/ctinrdca violacrn, Sw.viN.s. Classif. B. II. 1837, 354. — CorE.s, Key, 1872, 269 ; Check List, 1873, 



no. 459. 

 Xijclhcrodius violarrns, REicHExn. Syst. Av. 1851, p. xvi. — BAinn, Birds N. Am. 1858, 679 ; Cat. 



N. Am. B. 1859, no. 490. — Rloow. Noiu. N. Am. H. 18S1, no. 490. — CoUES, Check List, 2il 



wl. 1882, no. 005 {XiicterodiiiK). 

 Cniimnc Xight Ifemi, Lath. Synop. III. 1785, 56 (quotes PI. Enl. 899). 

 Yelloiv-croirnrd Xiijht Ilcron, Lath. t.c. 80. 



Ardea cayennensi.1, (^iMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 026, no. 31 (based on Rl. Enl. 899). 

 Ardca sccHctncM, ViEii.i,. Enc. Moth. III. 1823, 1130 (KcichenowV 

 Aixka mllocrphaln, AVaoi.. Syst. Av. 1827, Anlea, sp. 34 (Keichenow). 



Had. Warm-temperate Eastern North America, West Indies, Middle America, and Northern 

 South America, breeding north to Southern Illinois and Indiami. On Atlantic const north to 

 Pennsylvania (rare). West to Colorado, south to Western Ecuador and the Amazonian region. 

 Ik-nnudas. 



