112 



PR.ECOCIAL GRALLATORES — LIMICOL.E. 



Mr. Selby speaks of this species as a very handsome bird when seen on the wing, 

 the marked contrast of its pure black and wliite coloration producing a very striking 

 effect. 



The Oyster Catcher can run with great rapidity, and is able both to swim and to 

 dive with ease ; and may frccpiently be seen swimming short distances in search of 

 food, lint it seldom or never dives, except when driven to do so by danger, and in 

 order to effect its escape from an enemy. 



Although the Oyster Catcher is essentially a shore bird, Yarrell cites quite a 

 number of instances in which it has been found far inland. In one case it was tiiken 

 at Oatlands, on the Thames, fifty miles from its nu)uth. Another writer, in the Maga- 

 zine of Natural History (V'T. j). l")!), states that in the summer it may always be found 

 along the Don, thirty miles or nu)re from the sea, and that it breeds as high up as 

 Kildrummy. Yarrell states that young l)irds of this species are readily and fre- 

 quently tamed, and can easily be made to associate with domestic poultry ; In; also 

 mentions that a flock of these birds used, some years ago, to run about inside the 

 railing on the grass in front of the Pavilion at Brighton. 



In the wild state the birds of this species unite in small "lofjks towards winter, and 

 are then very shy and difficult of ai)proach. In spring they again separate into pairs, 

 many of these associating and breeding together at particular favorite localities. 

 Montagu nentions that they appeared to be more abundant on some parts of the 

 sandy flat coasts of Lincolnshire than in any other region with which he was ac- 

 quainted. At a point on that coast called (Jibraltar there is an isolated marsh where 

 Oyster Catchers were then known to breed, in such great abundance that a fisher- 

 man informed Mr. Montagu that \u', had collected a bushel of their eggs in a single 

 morning. 



The Oyster Catcher makes no nest, but deposits its eggs — usually four in number 

 — on the bare ground, on a shingly beach above high-water mark. They are 2.17 

 inches in length by L.'JO inches in breadth, and have a yellowish stone ground color, 

 and are spotted and blotched with ashy gray and dark brown. 



The female is said to sit upon her eggs about three weeks. During all this time 

 the male keeps a sharp watch, and on the approach of an enemy becomes very 

 clamorous. His mate, warned by this signal of danger, leaves her nest in silence, 

 and after a circuitous flight, joins him in his endeavors to mislead and to decoy away 

 the intruder. The young, when first hatched, are covered with a grayish-brown 

 down. 



Haematopus palliatus. 



AHEBICAN OTSTEB CATCHES. 



Hcematoptis palliatus, TF.yiM. Man. II. 1820, 532. — Aun. Om. Biog. III. 183.5, 181: V. 580, pi. 



223 ; Synop. 1839, 228 ; Birds Am. V. 1842, 236, pi. 324. - Baikd, Birds N. Am. 1853, 699 ; 



Cat. N. Am. H. 1859, no. 512. — Coitus, K.-y, 1872, 246 ; Check List, 187.3, uo. 404 ; 2d ed. 



1882, no. 596. — Kidgw. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 507. 

 " Hittmtopus ostrale.gus," \Vil.s. Am. Orn. A'lII. 1814, 15 pi. Ixiv. (nee Linn.). 

 Siemutopus nrcticus, Jard. ed. Wilson, III. 1832, 35. 

 ? Haimatopus " brasiliensU, Licirr." (Guay, Handl. III. p. 21). 



Hab. Sea-coasts of temperate and tropical America, from Nova Scotia and Lower California 

 to Patagonia ; Bahamas ; Cuba ; Tres Marias ; Galapagos. Apparently wanting on the Pacific 

 coast of the United States north of Santa Bavhara. 



Sp. Char. Adult: Head and neck uniform black, with a plumbeous cast in certain lights ; back, 

 wings, and tail slate-brown. Rest of the plumage, including the greater wing-coverts, tertials, and 





