art Im 



iMt.Krfri.vr, orallatouks - LiMTroT,.K. 



narrow Ihu'm anil HpntM nt' liliicki")!. Iii>wi>r ixtrt**, uml u ilittiiicl Hii|i<'ri'iliiiry utripc, uiiilnMii 

 viiiiii'i'iiiH-riit'iiii-<, or jiiiiki-'li riiiiiniiioii, jiiiIit on the niiiMli' of the ulMlonicn ; I'riw.snin, Hank", 

 axillai!*, unil lining' of tin' win^' wliilc, iitnally xsitli ooN anil liar^ of iln^ky. I'riinarii"* iliiNky, 

 with white HimftH; tail-fcatlnrx |ilain ^raviHh, i-iI^imI with whiti^li, an<l NonutiincN with u xiil). 

 eilj^in^ of iliixky. Yuiiini: Aliovc, li^^ht a^h-Kray, ilarkcr on the hark, carli Irathrr honli'ml with 

 whitiHJi anil inarkcil with a Mnl)-nl','in^,' of ihnky ; n|>|H'r tail-rovirts wiiitf, inarkril willi iln»ky 

 cnwcnti*. liowcr partM wiiiti^h {nearly lairc whitt^ on the alxlonien), the in'ik ami lirea-<l inarkeil 

 with Htrcaku ami llerk* of iln-ky, the hiile-i with ilini eiVM'entie ami irre;;nlar H|iiitH of the Haine. 

 All imliitlni't wiiili->h su|ieri'iiiary hti'i|>e, " Itill atiil feet lilaek ; irix ilark lia/.el " (Ai'DI'IIon). 



Total len^;lh, alioul 10 inriies ; win;.', fl.'iU ; tail, J. .'id; hill, fmin ^'aiie, \.W ; tarsus, \,-lT>. 



Ailiilt N|iei'inn'n.s vary inili\ iilnally in the relative extent of the lilack, K<'<'yi "»<' reililish eolur.s 

 on tho ii|i|ier partrt ; ({ray iiHUally |ire(loininateH in the Hprinjf, the hlaek in iniilHiiiuiner. Some- 

 tiinex (as in No |(»H.">, 9,<'aiM' May, New Jersey) tiieie is no rnloiiH whatt'ViT on thi' npiier 

 surface. The rinnainon ciilor of the lower parts also \aries in intensity. 



Two European fxainples in summer ])lunia({e ilill'er frmn any Aineriian ones wu have seen, in 

 the (,'reat cxiess of lilaik on the liack, where tliiil rolor nearly uniformly prevails. An immatuie 

 »|)ei'inn'n from Norway, however (No. TitilMM!, V'aranger Fioril), is iiol tlill'eront from Aniericaii 

 skins in rorresponilin}{ pluina^^e. 



Tho Knot JH a rosmopolitan spccios, t'oimd tlirouglinut the iiortlicrii licmisphort' 

 and appavi'iitly iiioio yt'iit'iall.v (listriljiitcd over tlie ca.sterii coiitiiieiit than in the 

 Xi'W Worhl. It (Iocs not appear to Inive been (h'teeted on the raeilic coast. It 

 visits South America to r>ra/.il, ami is also credited to Australia and New Zcaliind. 



Mr. ('. A. Wri^^ht (•• Ibis," 1804) mentions thi! oeciiiTence of this spoeies at Malta, 

 as attested by a specimen in the University Museum, and also on the .authority of 

 Kchonibvi. It is also given by Mr. 11. .Saunders (•• Ibis,'' llSTl) as occurring in .Sotitiiern 

 Spain, both in autumn and in sjjring. He has obtained it there in the rufous-plum- 

 age in .May. Mf. .1. II. (Jurnoy (" Ibis," I.SfW) .states that tlu! most southerly examples 

 of this species which h.ave come umh-r his notice were two th.at were obtained in 

 Wi'.lvisch r>ay, Africa, Oct. L'O and Nov. 4, ISOO. The first of these 8i)ccimens 

 retained some remains of the breeding-pliim.age, the seeond mine. 



Yarrell speiiks of this species as by no me;ins tincommon in (.Jreat Uritain from 

 autumn, through winter to sjiring, and says that it remains sometimes as late as 

 the beginning of May, .and assumes its breeding-plumage before leaving for tho more 

 northern regi(ms in which it breeds. Although (me had been shot in Saiida as Lite 

 as the 1.5th of .June, there is no rec(U'd of its having been known to breed in the 

 British Islands, .and its eggs remained, up to IHoO, unknown to IJritish collectors. 

 Mr. Thomi)son states that it is a regular autumnal visitant of Ireland. At that sea- 

 son it is also found in flocks on the shores of most of the southern and eastern coun- 

 ties of England, the greater portion being young birds of the year. Mr. .J. 11. (Jurney, 

 in a communication to the " Zoloogist," in lSo3, states that specimens in tho lui^jtial 

 dress frecjuently occur on the Norfolk coast of England in the sjiring, .and that in 

 May they were for a few days unusually inimerous ; also that on the l.'ith of that 

 month a single hunter of Yarmouth procured seventy-thr.-e, nearly all in full sum- 

 mer dress. 



Mr. G. D. Rowley ("Ibis," 1864) records the capture of six birds of this species 

 at Brighton, England, in a net, at a single pull ; this was on the lOtli of September. 

 They were presumed to be all of one family, and it was supposed that they were 

 taken on the day of th(>ir arrival from their breeding-grounds. 



Nilsson states that this species inhabits the Arctic jwrtions of Sweden and Norw.ay, 

 but makes no mention of its eggs. Mr. Dunn did not meet with this bird in spring 

 and autumn, except on the coast of Scona and in the southern part of Scandinavia. 



