niALAROPOniD.E — TIIK IMIALAUOrKS LOIIIPKS. 



331 



|. >i nilouH. Fimali; witli tliu xitU's ul tlit- lut^k ami JiikuIuiii niiiroMii riniiiiiiutii-nit'otiH, t)iu |iluiu- 

 licKiis iiliDVc |im'i' anil ciiiitiimiiuM. Mali; willi llic rnrinis iciiiliiicil iliiclly to tlif HiiU'.i at the iicck, 

 ilu' jti;,Miluiii lii'iiif,' mixfil wliite and j,'rayi.-<li, linked willi MilonH ; iilnnilicons aliovi; iliiUcr and less 

 I'.iiilinuouH tlian in tlie IVnialc. Vdiiini, jifn' jilinnuiji : < 'iitwn ]iliinilii'<ms-diiHky, witlioi' wiiliont 

 -livakfi; liaik and ,ica|(nlais Maik, di>liniily slivakcd with linll' nr inliiacciius ; win},'s as in adnll, 

 ImiI middle lovui'ts liordfrcd willi Imll' nv \vliili.->li. l-'uicla'ad, sniira-aiiiicular siri|n'. Imvs, ami 

 l.iwiT paitu wliito, the Ju},'uluni and sidi'.-* <d' lin^axt KoinctiiiU's ruiH'iiMfd with dull biowniwli ; atiririi- 

 lai>dii!<ky. IhWHij youiKj : Above, l)i'i>,'lit tawny, llic iiinip with lliivu jianillel Hlriiius ol lilatk, 



V5 



(•mjosin;; two of li^ditcr fiilvouH than llm f,'ro\ind-tolor ; crown coveivd by a tvian^^jular patch of 

 niiitlli'd darkiT l)i'own, bounded iircgnlaily with blackish ; a black linu over cars, not rcachinf,' to 

 tlic eye ; throat and rest of heud lif^lit tiiwny fiilvoiw ; rest of lower parts white, bccoiuinj,' },'rayi.ih 

 pdstcriorly. 



Ttital Icnjitli, about 7.(K> iucliesi ; winj,', 4.(H)-4.4.") ; culnien, .H()-.!)() ; tar.sus, .75-. 85 ; middle 



tllC, .li.')-.""). 



'I'lu'ie is no .specimen in the Smithsonian Collection repicsciitin;,' the winter ])luma^'e of tliis 

 .species; but this stage is thus described by Naumann, in "Die Vo;,'el Deut.schlands " (Vol. V'lII. 

 pp. :i4l. -dl't) : " The winter plumage, whiidi they take after the young plumage, seldom aiijiears in 

 lull, and such young birds are yet inoidting when another, the spring moulting, sets in. Ev(!n old 

 liirds are scldoni found in full winter plumage, because the autumnal moulting goes on very slowly, 

 Tlif few new featlier.s which are often found in tho.si' killed in late autumn .seem to have been over- 

 liMikecl, since a de.scrijjtion of them can nowhere be found, although they appear ([uite dilferent from 

 those of the young, luid even of the sunnner ]dumage. I have a specimen in which almost the whole 

 liliiniage has been renewed, and which, therefore, has almost (;omi)letely taken its winter jjlumage. 

 It i~ strikingly dilferent from the other plumages. The forelie;id, a stripe over the eye extending 

 tliMUgh the temjdes, bridles, chin, throat, clie(.-ks (mostly), foreneck, breast, and belly to tbe tail 

 piuc white ; the crown gray, with bluish-white .scales with black .stri])es on shafts ; a little spot 

 before the eye black ; a slri|( under the eye, somewhat more extendeil over the auricular region, 

 blaiki.sh and whitish gray mingled ; the hind neck light Idni.sh gray, with a few somewhat darker 

 spots ; the sides of the juguluni clouded with )>alc gray, with a yellowisli-brown wash ; upper back, 

 slioulders, and hinder wing- feathers gray, toward the roots of the feathei-s darkest, approaching 

 M.ukish brown, with black shafts and broad bluish-white borders, by which the wlude gains the 

 (i|ipc,irance of being deep gray, with grayish-white .scales. The middle tail-feathers also have dull 

 white borders, and are, besides, like the U])per tail-covert.s, rump, or lower back, blackish brown- 

 gray; the latter, however, with only a few light borders to the feathers. All the rest is like tlio 

 vdiiiig ]>lumage, but with the wing-coverts .somewhat lighter, in old birds intermixed with feathera 

 tile color of the shoulder-feathei's (.scapulars)." 



I'^xamples vary considerably in the clearness and sharp definition of the colors, even those in 

 the down dilfering much in this respect, some being pale yellowi.sh, and others deep rusty fulvous ; 

 the latter e.xtreme being represented by a .s[)ecimen from the region of Hudson's Bay, the former 

 by examples from the Prybilof Islands, Alaska. As, however, several from the latter locality vary 

 among themselves, the diflerence is perhaps jutrely individual. 



^' 



ii 



