IS 



ANATID.K — THE SWANS. 



421 



niudiuui, 

 is chiolly 

 iutlnji'cil ; 



' small ov 

 9 usuully 



h reticuluk 



broad, uiul 

 issed at thi; 



0)11! row ; 

 lus. LfiriK 

 hers ill tlu^ 

 !r tliiui tlii; 



diiiiiui>li(M 

 I si'uti'lbitc ; 

 has a bioii'l 

 ssed, exfi'lit 

 Id birds the 



til about 32 



yyn ince. Hy 

 liich lias the 



ussed iiioii! 



»«, Fl.KM., 



are scntid- 



ite tarsi, but 



m to one oi" 



1. StheneluB, Stkjnkukr, 1882. 



A Inner webs of outer tliree priniaiies and outer web* of the second, third, and fourth 

 slnuated; the younj,' with the chiwii on tlie sides of the bill teriuinatiuy fur back of 

 the nostrils ; webs of the feet straight, not Hcalloped. 



2. Cygnus, Ukciist., 1803. 



6'. Tail rounded ; the young with the down on tiie sides of the bill fonning very distinct loral 

 antiu!. 



3. Olor. Waol., 1832. 



a". Predoaiiiiant color of the adults Ijlackish ; the young with naked lores ; tertiaries and scaini- 

 lurs crisp ; tail shovter tlian the middle toe with claw. 



4. Chenopis, Waql. 1832. 



" ftftxjrd/thh'ii/ iJlsti'iltntion. 



" The Ci/(/m'»WB appear both in the northern and the soutliern hemispheres as e.xtra-tropical biixls, 

 no representatives of these large Litmdlinmtnii being found within tiie tropics. They are conse- 

 ([ueiitly wanting both in tlie Indo-Ariii-an Troiiical — they do not at all breed in Africa — and in 

 llie American Tropical Region, only one species being met with in the South American Temperate 

 and one in the Australian liegion. Tiie remaining seven species occur in the Arctic and the 

 North Temperate Uegions, the greatest numlH.r, viz., five, being found in the Old World, and here 

 I liey only extend their winter migrations to the two southern provinces, the Mediterranean and 

 tlie Manchurian, without breeding tiiere. The two North American species only breed within the 

 American division of the Arctic Hegion. 



" The foUowhig table gives a synopsis of their distribution : — 



irtiai'ies ami 



ir 



•al antiiu.t 



fourth, aiul 



;hing almo^' 



very valualiK' 



''ol. 5 of tliu 



therefrcni is 



Of the genera, as defined above, only the thirtl {Ohr) belongs to North America, the remainder 

 Iiciiig distributed as follows : — 



Tiie lirst, Sthenclus (new genus, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. Ti, July 25, 1882, p. 183), includes 

 only the Black-necked Swan (Anns nulancorypha, Moi.., Cygnus nigrlcollis, Auct. e.v Gmkl.) of 

 Chili and other parts of Soutliern South America; Cygnus proper contains three species (one of 

 liifiii the common domestic species), all of them peculiar to the Palanirctic Region ; Clienopis, in- 

 cluding only the Black Swan of Australia {Anas atrata, Lath., Cygnus atmtus, Auct.), is confined 

 til Southern Australia. 



As before remarked, the Coscoroba Swan (Anas coscoroba, Mol., Cygnus coscoroba, AuCT., Anser 

 cundidiis, ViElLL., Coscoroba camliila, Stejn.) of South America, while resembling the true Swans 

 ill its large size and pure white color, agrees in structure with the Ducks, and can properly be 

 considered only as a gigantic memlier of that sub-faiuily. 



