424 



LAMEMJROSTRAL SWIMMERS — AXSERES. 



CyguuH ftrux, Li„uii, Syst. Cat. 181(1, 37. — Hteph. Opii. Zool. XII. 10, pi. 37. — Orav, fien. 



H. 111. (110 ; (at. Hilt. W. 18(13, l.SS. — IIkinii. IMh, 18(11, 13 (Om-nlan.l). 

 Cijijnu^ mimini.i, UKcllsr. NiiluiK- Pt'ntsi'lil. IV. 1809, 830. — Uonai'. Coinp. List, 1838, bti. — Kkys. 



& Hi.AM. Willi. Kiir. »-2. ^ Maciiim,. .Mun. II. 158. — Coukh, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 6l»0. 

 Olor m uHkus, Waoi.. Isis, 1832, 1^34. 

 Ci/gniM olor, I'ai.i,. Zooj^r. Ildsso-A.'i. II. 182(1,211. 

 Ciignun Tiiulhiii-hinHn, Nac.m. Viig. Deutsclil. XL 1842, 478, pi. 296. 

 iriii.il/iiiif or ll'i/il Siriiii, Ai'iT. 

 The J/oniKi; Elk; or n'hialUng Swan, Yaiik. Hiit. |{. ed. 2, III. 187, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 191, fig. 



Had. Puliniirtic Rt'^jioii. Accidental in Uici'iiliind (Hki.mi. " Ilns," IftOl, 1.3). 



Si'. CiiAii. " The (listaiicu from tlic (interior aii^li- of tlu' eye to the iiind liordcr of tlio nostril> 

 is much loii^'cr than llm distance from the latter to the ti[) of the lull ; the yellow color at tlu' 

 Itase of the bill extending beyond the iio.stribi, making two thirds of the ourface of the bill ami 

 lore" (3TE.IN. torn. lit). 



Ad nil : Pure white, the head Hometimes tin^'ed with rusty; lores nnd basnl portion of bill to 

 beyond the nostril yellow, the terminal portion black ; iris brown ; lejjs nnd feet black. Yimng : 

 Grayish brown, the bill llesh-color basally, dusky terminally ; leg.s and feet (,'rayi.«h. Total lenf,'th 

 about Ct feet ; extent aliout T.OO-H.tK) feet ; winj,', 23.0()-:JO.()0 inches, culmeu (to frontal feathers) 

 4.(MJ-4.75 ; tarsus, 4.(H) ; middle toe, .5.(KMUM>. 



The Wild Swan of the Old World has no other olaim to be classed as a Nortli 

 American bird than its siipjiosed jjresence in (Ireenland. Dr. Keinhardt states that, 

 accordinp to tiie accounts received from the Eskimos, it formerly bred on several 

 places near (Jodthaab, bnt was long ago totally exterminated by i)ersecutions at the 

 time of its moulting. During the fifteen years preceding the year 18G1, according to 

 that ithor, this bird had again made its appearance in Greenland ; and Holbijll states 

 that several individuals were observed at Julianeha<ab in 1846. Dr. Reinhardt saw two 

 specimens which had been sent from South Greenlaiul in 18/)2 ; and in .June, 1859, a 

 fine one was shot at Atanink, nearly ten miles north of CJodthaab. If undisturbed 

 this may again acquire a claim to be mentioned as one of the birds of Greenland. 



Called in Europe the " Hooper," " Elk," or " Whistling Swan," this species is found 

 throughout Europe, breeding in the more secluded parts of the north, and appcariiii,' 

 in the winter in the more southern regions. Its very peculiar note, said to resemble 

 the word hnop, gives it the name by which it is most generally known. 



This bird is a winter visitant of the more southern portions of the British Islands, 

 where it arrives in flocks about the middle of December, and in greater numbers 

 as the' weather becomes more severe. It is found throughout the year in the Orkneys, 

 where a few pairs breed, and where large flocks appear from the north in October, 

 a portion of these remaining all winter. In December these birds are seen flying in 

 compact bodies along the coast-lines, at which time the London markets are sometimes 

 supplied with them to profusion. 



They also visit Holland, France, Spain, and Italy, and a few go as far south as 

 Barbary, or even Egypt ; in severe winters they are found in Corfu and Sicily. 



Linuii'us, in his account of his travels in Lapland, mentions meeting with this SAvan 

 on several occasions ; he saw three at the residence of the Governor of the province 

 which were as tame as Domestic Geese. This bird is said to appear in La])laud witii 

 the first breaking-up of the ice, and to be the earliest of the Anatidai in its northern 

 migrations. It frequents the most secluded swamjjs and lakes in the wooded districts, 

 and in the northeastern portions of the country is rejiorted to be very numerous. 



According to Bechstein this species is more frequently domesticated than the Mute 

 Swan, and there are several instances on record of its having produced young when 

 in confinement in England. 



