I 



1^ 



450 



LAMKLUIUiSTKAL SUIMMKIW - ANSKUKS. 



II 



ailiiiiMiiiv (ilii li'W jmlf liiiun'oiis Ifiulurn. In N". I'llT, \ViiMliiMj.'tiiii, D. ( '., tlic wliilish ^my o| 

 tlif liiwfi- iMirtH Ih Hlroiij;lv tiiijiiMl with (xlinux'dUx-riil'imM — witlioiit (Imilit iinTfly an aiviilcnt.il 

 Htain trim ri'irM;,'in"ini ilnv. Tlifii' is iil.-'" a ^li^'lit ranj;"' >>( varialinn in tin- sli.nli' ul' ilic lirowni-li 

 tint^< III' till- IxiiU , Mini)' s|i('i'inii'nH incliiiiiix to cini'i't'oiiH ami nilirrs a|i|>iiia<'liin;^ dark iinilicr. 'I'Ik- 

 HiiiallcHt H|HM-iiiu'n (xci- lui'nAurcnii'nts almvc) is No. KHiilt, l-'mnlira, Texas ; tin- laincst is Nn. 

 l«7«8, Wnshington, D. V. In N'o. i'(»i;i>, l-'i'it IJi-soiiiticiii, the while ><( (he loielieail is iimiv 



exteiiileil ihaii in anv ntheis, leadiin;: as I'ar as tlie niid- 

 ille III' Ihe eyt', ami sending! Uick a stripe over tiie eye to 

 its |MiKleriiir an^'le, ami annther nii earli side the thi'iiat. 

 The vai'ialiiiiis n! |ilnnia;,'e in this speeies are tliii- 

 disi listed liy Mr. Iv \V. Nelson, in the " lilllletin ol' lin 

 Kssex Institute," Vol. VIII. (1.^7(1), \>\>. 1:«1, i:J7 : — 



" The individual variation in this s]H'cies is vi ly 

 ^;reat. .\ larj,'e majority havi- the onliiiary while tVonliil 

 Kind and the under )>arls |>lentilully mottle I with l>lai k. 

 In others the Maik j;radually decreases, until some spei i- 

 iiiens do not sho'.v the least ti'aee of dark oh the alHln- 

 ineu ; in sueh iuslauies the frontal white liand is usuall\ 

 ])resent. The youiiK exhiiiil a dark lirowii IVontal liaml 

 in plare ol' while, liut with more or less dark spol- on 

 the alHlonien. in very hi;,'h pluiua;;e Ihe alnlouieu l>r 

 eomes almost entirely lilark, only a few rusty-iohaed 

 leal hers lieint; interspersed throuK'h tin' hlaek. The 



white nail on the liill is ;;ener,dly rrossecl liy one ol 

 more |on;,'iluilinid stripes uf dark horn-eolor In sjiriii),', 

 as ihe lireedin:^-seasoii approaches, tint hill hecomi's a 

 dear waxy yellow. There is also nuit.-h variation in 

 ni/.e amoii^' adults of this species. I have examined a 

 iiumlier of specinn'us, which liy correct comparison were 

 at luaxt iiiii/iiurtli smaller than the averaj,'i'." 

 A hyhrid lietween .liinif iliimMI ,'uid lliriililii nriiili iiliilis, from San Francisco (N'o. 4l7iM, 

 Oct. -i'l, lH<i2 ; '•". (iKt'iiKit), shows an eipnil comliinatiou of the characters of the two species. Tin- 

 bend has the white front of ,1. Unmliili and the white cheek-patch of /;. ihikkIiiihIi ; the Mack nl 

 the lU'ck lij^htens {gradually into the jfrayish lirown of the iu;.'uluni ; the ^;ri'ater coverts are silvi ry- 

 slale, as in .1. itninliill. and llie tail is wholly lilack, as in /.' I'tinali iihIh ; while the uppi'r lail-covcrl- 

 are spoiieil white and lilmk. The anal rej,'iou and crissum are white, hut the lon;.'er feathers n| 

 the latter are douiled with Mack. Tin hill and feet are pale-colored (reddish in life I), as in 

 A. llnmhili. 



It i.s very (liuilitl'iil wlirthcr tlio Wliitc-froiitcd (iixisc (d" ({fpciiliiiid Itcloiifjs to 

 t\w Kiifnjx'iiii spt'cii'.s (ir to tin- lafK<'i" Aincrieiin fiuin. I'i'ulV.s.snr Ncwtdii appeiiis 

 ratlu'f iiu'liiiiMl to ii.s.sij,'ii it to tin- latter; Imt as tin- true iilh'ifninH is a reouhu 

 visitant to Irflaml. the <'xaiii|ilfs taken oti tin' cast coast of (irccnlainl may perhaps 

 lidoii;,' to the < ihl World form; luit it doi'S not follow that those of the west .-iiasi 

 nre of the same kinil. The White-fronted (Jotise is in'ctty K'''ii<''"iny distril'iitcd over 

 the entire {'ahi-arctic Kcf^ioii, lireediiij,' in-ai" the coast-line of tin- Arctic, (►ceaii. in 

 l>oth Kiirope iind .\sia. and also on the lar^jcr rivers, hays, and inlets, in its mif,'ra- 

 tions it is variously ami iim'(|iially distrilnited, Imt is more abundant in l''.astcrii 

 Europe than in West. ext.emlin>< its iniijrations into CeiitiMl .\fiica almost as far as 

 the Kipiatof. It is usually foiiml in (Jreat lliitaiii and Ireland, ami is ii tolerahl.v 

 re^jular visitant. altho\ij,di more common in the severest winters. 



This liird is ulaindant in Northeastern Africa duriiif^ the cold season, and at tlmi 

 time is the most c<mimon (Joose in K^iyjit. wliere it may l»e met with in Hocks. It 

 leaves that region in March. It is also a winter visitant to India, ami isalsoi|uite 



A-'Mi/nm* fn/thin/iD.i, 



