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er ranged 



from -3« to -34 R. that is from -40 to -44 Fahr., and one 

 day it fell to -35 R, that is to -46^ Fahr. This was the 

 register on the college farm at Petrovskoe, and caused sad injury 

 to the young orchard, for here Mr. Shroeder had a heavy soil 

 which tended to produce late growth, as well as a severe climate 

 to contend with. Of all the varieties in the orchard which stood 

 the best ? The Koritschnovoes and the Arcads ; and of the Arcads 

 the Dlennuii or long arcad seemed about the best. At Voronesh 

 Mr. Fischer tells us of six kinds of Arcad, all much alike, early and 

 sweet ; but he says that the tree though apparently hardy does not 

 live anything like as long as Antonovka, of which latter he shows 

 fine healthy trees 40 years planted, whereas the Arcads usually die 

 at 20 ; that is, they die by degrees, branch by branch, one might 

 suppose like our Canada Baldwin, on warm soils from S'^n scald 

 caused by early flow of sap, so that perhaps it needs heavier soil. 



Dr. Kegel in his work describes a Red Arcad, which is an apple 

 of first quality that keeps all winter. The colored print of it is 

 perhaps the most strikingly beautiful in the book. I enquired in 

 many places about this apple, but could get no information about 

 it. An apple of such beauty is worth looking after. 



Beresinskoe. Mr. Shroeder speaks of this as a large whiteish 

 apple with yellow side, flesh firm but breaking, not able to bear 

 carriage well, but a very fine autumn dessert fruit. 



Beriosovka. This we met and took a great fancy to in the 

 Kozlof market. As we saw it tnere, it was a fruit of full medium 

 size, oblate, red on one side in splashes and specks ; very firm, 

 yet breaking, very juicy, with a fine mingling of sub acid and 

 sweetness. The seeds were black on 13 Sept., yet it seemed 

 likely to keep two months. At Voronesh, we showed a specimen 

 to Mr. Fischer who pronounced it true to name, and moreover 

 said it was a good hardy and productive tree and a fine fruit. 

 Season late autumn. 



Blackwood (Tchernoe Derevo) is a tree long known upon the 

 Volga. At Khvalinsk we saw trees of it at least 70 years old, and 

 at Kazan trees 30 years of age. It is a heavy bearer but not a 

 tree of extra hardiness. It does not sun-scald, but its upper 



