24 



texture and flavor could result from change of soil and climate. 

 At Prince Gagarine's, Borovinka, perhaps this one, is looked upon 

 as one of the varieties long known, not like Arabka and Antonovka 

 introduced of late years. In another village near there we found 

 another apple just like Duchess but sweet, or to say the least 

 sweetish. 



Mr. Shroeder, at Petrovskoe, describes the Borovinka as a large, 

 round, pretty, striped apple, good for dessert or cooking, and says 

 it is grown a good deal in middle Russia. We did not see the 

 Duchess there or any apple like it. We find apples grown at 

 Tula, Orel, Voronesh, &c., called Borovinka, which are not of 

 Duchess type at all, more like White Koroshavka. At Orel, how- 

 ever, we find a Borovinka somewhat like Duchess, acid and in sea- 

 son till December or January, and said to be valuable and grown 

 there in some quantity, so say my notes, though the apple has gone 

 out of mind. On the Volga is grown a flat autumn striped apple 

 which finds its way in quantity into the Kazan and Nijni markets 

 also called Borovinka, an apple, I think, worthy of being introduced. 



Charlamovskoe. — Mr. Shroeder speaks of this as a large, flat 

 cooking apple with a red side, a variety he thinks highly of, 

 Whether this may be that grown by Mr. Webster, in Vermont, and 

 described in the Montreal Horticultural Report, page 53, I cannot 

 say. 



Mr. A. G. Tuttle, of Baraboo, Wisconsin, has an apple receiv- 

 ed by him under this name, which Mr. Tuttle says, " has the 

 beauty of Duchess and quality of Domine and keeps through win- 

 ter." Mr. Tuttle, I believe, has got hold of a valuable fruit. 



Crimean Apple (Kmnskoe). — This is the name under which 

 we find, in diff"erent places, apples believed to have been brought 

 from that region. 



On the Bogdanoff estates, near Kursk, we find an oblong, egg- 

 shaped, red apple, below medium in size, firm in flesh, and sharp 

 acid, mingled with sweet ; the tree is pretty hardy there, and, if I 

 remember rightly, the fruit is a long keeper. At Volsk, the Krim- 

 skoe, though good in color, keeping and quality, was too small 

 and conic to be valuable. At Kluchiche, near Kazan, at Mar- 



