39 



bat smalU 

 ? in juice, 

 ometimes 

 d upright 



Ir. Budd 

 one from 

 of crena- 



all pyra- 

 I fit for 

 ne tree, 

 o be of 

 r future 

 ing else, 



to produce seeds for growing hardy stocks, for it is an undoubted 

 fact that a hardy stock increases the hardiness and early maturity 

 of growth of that which is grafted upon it. 



In Poland we find another wild form of pear, a common tree 

 and a tree of large size. The leaf is fine in texture, though not 

 very thick, and sharply serrated upon its edges. Its foliage is 

 not as well adapted to a very dry climate as that of the Volga 

 pears, nor is the tree as hardy, yet hardy enough for a good stock 

 for our climate, and, for this purpose, it should be imported into 

 this country in large quantity from the Warsaw Nurseries. We 

 saw the wild pear growing in quantity between Kharkof and 

 Kiev, but whether this same race or not I cannot say. 



At Reutlingen, in Wurtemburg, we find the perry and cooking 

 pears to be of a different race from those of Wesiern France, 

 whence American nursery-men have obtained their pear roots. 

 Reutlingen is a fruit-growing neighborhood, and, on account of its 

 elevation, cold above its latitude. The orchards, here, have 

 suff'ered severely during the last unfavorable winters, but these 

 pubescent-le .ved pear trees have stood the test much better than 

 the apple. 



ToNKOViETKA. — This, I will speak of first, as it is the hardiest 

 pear tree I know which bears an edible fruit. In Moscow, the 

 severe winter of 1877 killed all the pear trees in the college 

 grounds to the snow line. This, however, seemed about the 

 hardiest, hardier even than Bessemianka. We find trees of what 

 is said to be it in some peasant orchards in the cold climate of 

 Tula, 120 miles south of Moscow. We again hear of it at Sim- 

 birsk as a pretty good pear that bears well. Mr. Shroeder who 

 looks at fruits from a high standard of quality, says it is a fairly 

 good eating pear, but not equal to Bessemianka. The Tonkovietka 

 shown to us at Saratof was not the same ; a larger and better fruit, 

 but tree not hardy there. The name means slender stalk, a name 

 which poss'bly may be applied to more than one pear. 



Bessemianka is known also by the German name of Kerlnose, 

 which means without seeds. It is by far the best pear grown in 

 the severer parts of Russia, At Moscow it suffers during winters 



