43 



I believe, from Italy, about the 15 th century, and named after a 

 Polish nobleman. There are a good many trees of it about War- 

 saw. I am told that in one garden not far from the city, there 

 are 185 old trees, of which the largest are two feet in diameter of 

 trunk. 



At Vilna, where the climate is more severe than at Warsaw, we 

 saw ten or twelve old trees about one foot in diameter and one two 

 feet. At Riga, some say " as hardy as an oak," others say pretty 

 hardy. At Voronesh, Mr. Fischer spoke strongly of its hardiness 

 there, although I have forgotten if we saw any trees there. At 

 Orel it has not proved hardy. The verdict generally is a hardy 

 tree and a long-lived healthy tree and a good fruit, but not capable 

 of bearing quite as low temperatures as Bessemianka. 



Red Bergamot {Rothe Bergamotte, Bergamotte (Tauiomnt, Leroy.) 

 — From the engravings of this pear given in Lauche's Deutsche 

 Pomologie, it is a query in my mind whether this may not be the 

 common Bergamot I have spoken of above as growing about War- 

 saw. At any rate I saw one fine old tree pointed out as this Ber- 

 gamotte Rouge, and was told there were many more like it in the 

 neighborhood. Our attention was first directed to it by Mr. StoU 

 at Vienna, and we learn that it has been grown largely in Silesia, 

 and somewhat in Sweden. It is spoken highly of at Froskau and 

 Riga, and is a pear of fine quality, recommended for all kinds of 

 soil. It ripes in Sept. and Oct. and is well worthy of trial. 



MosKOVKA probably deserves mention, a small pyraform pear, 

 juicy, mild and non-astringent. We saw a good many trees of it 

 at Simbirsk, large old trees, some of them, somewhat injured, yet 

 some thought it hardier even than Tonkovietka. A good, little^ 

 early, cooking fruit. ^ ; ,,- .,, »- . , ■ . 



Of pears without names I will next speak. If the fruit is long 

 in shape it is called Douia, if small, Grusha. Another is named 

 Dolgostebelka, which means long stalk, but as all the Russian 

 pears except the Bergamot have long stalks, such names have no 

 individuality. Under the name of Gliva, which is akin to Doula, we 

 find great variety ; one which I tasted at Moscow, and which I 

 was assured was grown there, was as rich and buttery as a Bartlett. 



