16 



The operation can be performed so rapidly that a 

 thousand a day is only considered fair work for a person 

 with a little experience. They may then be put back into 

 the cellar until they are to be planted out in the nursery. 



Nursery rows are about three feet apart, and the 

 roots, grafts, or pips, as they are sometimes called, are 

 planted about one foot apart in the row. They should be 

 planted so that only one bud of the scion is above the 

 surface of the ground, and kept in cultivation for two or 

 three seasons when they are ready to be transplanted into 

 ch\i orchard. During the whole time the trees are in the 

 nursery they require to be carefully watched, superfluous 

 sprouts removed, crooked trees straightened, etc. • 



SEI^CTION OF VARIETIES. 



There is perhaps no part of the subject of fruit growing 

 that requires more care and study than the selection of 

 varieties. There are so many excellent varieties, and so 

 many things to be taken into consideration, that it is 

 extremely difficult to make a selection. 



The soil must be carefully studied, and only varieties 

 suited to it should be planted. A Bishop Pippin, for 

 example, will not thrive on a wet soil, neither will a Blen- 

 heim succeed if the soil is too dry. Some again, as King of 

 Tompkins, do best on a light soil, while Ribston Pippins do 

 best if planted on heavy clay loam. 



It should be borne in mind that varieties that succeed 

 in one place will not prove profitable in another. Some of 

 the best varieties grown in New England are failures in 

 Ontario, while those varieties most popular in Ontario are 

 not the best for Annapolis, and some of the mo.st profitable 

 varieties in Annapolis, as the Nonpareil, do not succeed in 

 other parts of the province. It is only by experience and 

 oV)servation that we can arrive at anything like a correct 

 conclusion. 



Consideration must also be given to the requirements 

 of the market where the fruit is to be sold. In our local 

 markets such varieties as Red Astrachan, Emperor Alex- 

 ander, and Bishop Pippins are popular sorts, while they are 

 *>lvogether unfitted for foreign markets. It will be found 

 best in the long run to plant largely only tho.se varieties 

 that are well fitted for shipping, as they always bring good 

 prices at home ; and in case of a surplus, there is always a 

 ready market for good keeping apples in London and other 

 large cities of Europe. 



