50 



There are several ways of holding up the canes when 

 loaded with fruit. Stakes are commonly used. Sometimes 

 a hoop is passed lound the canes and nailed to stakes. A 

 very simple method is to tie half the canes of one hill to 

 lialf the canes of the next, and so on all along the row. If 

 this is done in the direction of the hills four feet apart, 

 plenty of room is given for the pickers to pass between the 

 rows planted six feet apart. 



But so various are the changes that can be made in 

 every department of fruit culture, that to give them all in 

 detail would require one or more large volumes for each 

 .species in cultivation. 



VARIKTIES. 



Raspberries: Gregg, Ohio, Cuthbert. 

 Blackberries : Taylor, Gamor, Snyder. ' 



CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. 



Currants and Gooseberries are familiar examples of 

 what is known as bush fruit. It may be doubted if there 

 are at the present time any small fruits more easily culti- 

 vated and more profitable for the family or market, if the 

 right soil and climate are selected for planting. They are 

 .so much alike in their culture that they may be treated 

 together. 



They are propagated in four different ways : 



(1.) By .seeds for the production of new varieties. 



(2.) By cuttings. This is the usual method of propa- 

 gation. Select good, strong wood of the present season's 

 growth. To secure the best results it should be taken off 

 as soon as the wood is fully ripe, making the cuttings about 

 six inches long, cutting them off smooth just at the ba.se of 

 a bud. When a variety is very scarce and valuable, the 

 cuttings may be made very .short, two or three inches in 

 length, but they require extra care until they become well 

 rooted. If planted early in the fall they usually become 

 well rooted before winter sets in, and will make a much 

 more vigorous growth the next sea-son than if the planting 

 is deferred until spring. If not convenient to plant in the 

 fall, the cuttings may be tied in bundles and buried in the 

 open ground or cellar until .spring, when they should be 

 planted "^^ early as possible, as both the currant and 

 gooseberry start into leaf very early. >.,''-*> 



