15 



of labor in washing pans and so forth. But this greatly im- 

 proved and labor .saving system did not come to stay. Jt is 

 now fast being superseded by the separator. The hand machine 

 will pay well if you have from five to ten cows ; more than 

 that you should have a power separator; we with 80 cows use 

 the small power separator ; in 20 minutes after the last cow is 

 milked the cieam is in one vessel to be taken to the dairy to 

 ripen for the churn, the warm skimmed milk is fed to the calves, 

 and they cannot tell it from new milking, all without the aid 

 of woman. On churning days, with the barrel chum and power 

 to work it and the butter worker, men can manage the dairy 

 and churn out bntter far superior to the old fashioned way 

 with shallow pans, dash churns and women's hands to work it. 

 So instead of making slave' of women, the modern mode of 

 separator, churn and butter worker, by power and with men, 

 leaves the women free from toil and drudgery, ready and wil- 

 ling to tr.ke gentle exercise with the new found pleasure, "the 

 bicycle." 



The butter being properly made from the cream ripened to 

 an even state and at the right temperature, salted b}' the same 

 rule at every churning, should always be put in packages of a 

 uniform size for the English markef, and here is where we 

 must look for a market for our surplus produce of every kind. 

 Fifty lb. packages are as saleable as any ; for our local market, 

 of course, smaller packages should be used. Our farmers must 

 expect and prepare for keener competition in prices in the fu- 

 ture, even more than in the past. To meet this we must keep 

 pace with the times, as manufacturers are improving their 

 machinery by all modern inventions until the cost of produc- 

 tion is reduced to the very lowest point. A few years ago 

 horse nails were made by being hammered out singly, and 

 ordinary cut nails were made by a machine which took one 

 man ten hours to cut a keg of nails, 100 lbs. and now one boy 



