IN MODERN SCIENCE. 



MS 



ing that these sounds may be the raw material 

 of speech, yet man is enabled to apply this to 

 the expression of ideas in a manner altogether 

 peculiar to himself. Scientific precision obliges 

 us to i ecognize these differences, and to admit 

 that they place man on an entirely different 

 plane from tfte lower animals. 



Perhaps the expression "a different plane " 

 is scarcely correct, for man can exist on many 

 different planes — a fact which has produced 

 some confusion in the minds of naturalists 

 not versed in psychological questions, though, 

 when rightly considered, it marks very strongly 

 the distinction between the man and the viere 

 animal. 



The lower animals are tied up by Invariable 

 instincts to certain lines of action which keep 

 all the individuals of any species on nearly the 

 same level, except where some little disturb- 

 ance may be caused by man in his processes 

 of domestication. But with man it is quite 

 different. He is emancipated from the bond 

 of instinct, and left free to follow the guidance 

 of his own will, determined by his own reason. 

 It follows that the habits and the actions of 

 a man depend on what he knows and believes, 

 and on the deductions of his reason from these 



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