178 



FACTS AND FANCIES 



Even to savage peoples, in whose minds the 

 idea of unity has .lot germinated, or from 

 whose traditions it has been lost, a spiritual 

 essence appears to underlie all natural phe- 

 nomena, though they may regard this as con- 

 sisting of a separate spirit or manitou for 

 * every material thing. In all the more culti- 

 vated races the ideas of natural religion have 

 takeL> more definite forms in their theology 

 and philosophy. Dugald Stewart has well ex- 

 pressed the more scientific form of this idea 

 in two shoit statements: 



" I . Every effect implies a cause. 



" 2. Every combination of means to an end 

 implies intelligence." 



The theistic aspect of the doctrine had, as 

 we have seen in a previous lecture, been 

 already admirably expressed by Paul in his 

 Epistle to the Romans. Writing of what 

 every heathen must know of mind in nature, 

 he says : " The invisible things of him since 

 the cieation of the world are clearly seen, 

 being perceived through the things that are 

 made, even his eternal power and divinity." 

 The two things which, according to him, every 

 intelligent man must perceive in nature are, 

 first, power above and beyond that of man, 



