ON AMERICAN PEllMAXKXT WAY. 



609 



In conclusion, tlio author would dwell upon the importance of keeping 

 iv road in a thoroughly clean and neat condition, with eveiy part to 

 [iropcr line and shape. The great value of this cannot bo over-estimated. 

 Not only does it produce a good effect on the public, but it inculcates 

 cure and attention on the part of the employes, and lessens their liability 

 to neglect of the main essentials. A road superstructure well and con- 

 tinuously kept up i.s, in the end, at far less expense for maintenance than 

 one which is allowed to get out of order and to run down, until it is abso- 

 lutely necessary by a strong effort to bring it back into good shape. It 

 is true that there are many lines of road throughout the country in 

 sparsely settled sections, and having a small traffic, which conld not 

 afford the expenditure on the permanent way that a main trunk lino 

 could do. Such a lino may live in hopes of raising its standard at some 

 future time and improving its superstructurs ; but even now, in its pi'esent 

 state, it can keep everything in neat order, and make its work thorough so 

 far as it goes. 



The author desires to express his acknowledgments to the various 

 riiilroad and manufacturing companies who have so kindly furnished 

 him with information and data. 



NOTK. — Till' jiajicr was illiistnilod by a serlus of plates, ii selection from which 

 only lia\e hieii lepriKhiciMl. 



Explanation of Plates VI. and VII. 



I'LATK VI. 



lliiil No. 2ot is in usr mi the IVniisvlviuiia U. i;., Iks.;, ami the Dotroit, I'.jiv Citv, ninl 

 Allieuiili.n., l«!!i;!. 



ri.ATi; VII. 



Kail No. oC)~contiiiiir(l. 



I'itfslmruli. ( 'iiiciiiiiiiti, and f>l. Louiii 



K. I!., IN^I. 

 ( levflaiid and rittslnii-Kli 15. H.. 1*^77. 

 'rci'i'(! llauto and liidianajioii.s It. li , 



1S7S. 

 Nortln'1-n Central Hv. (I'diiKvlvania), 



1877. 

 1, ouisvillo.raducali, and Sunt h-Wi'sti-rn 



K. U.. 1.S7.-.. 

 lifllffnntc and Snuw Shoo K. IJ., 1880. 

 Diiiilctli and UuImkiuc IJri.lgi; {\>., 



\HHt>. 

 I'.iie and I'itt^bursli H. 1!., 187>'. 

 Suininit l!i-anch IJ. IJ.. 187ii. 

 riiiladflphia and Kiic It. IJ., 187'.). 

 St. I.ouis. .\lti)n, and Tt'rre JIauto 11. 



H., 187'.s. 

 Toledo and Woodvillo l*. IJ., 1877. 

 West Jcr.spy H. H., 1«S(». 

 liuiitin^doii and llrnad Toii 11. K., 



1871t. 

 Illinois <Vntral R. IJ., 1877. 



liiiil No. .ll is in iisi? on tli(^ 



Louisville and Xashville IJ. IJ., 1881. 

 I'hiladelphia, \Viliiiiii;ii(iii, and IJalti- 



niorc It. \i., 187.'). 

 Wi'stein Maryland IJ. It., 187:*. 

 Louisville. Cincinnati, .aiul Lexington 



IJ. I J., 187!). 

 Ciiieinnati, Hamilton, and Davton R. 



IJ., 187'.). See t!0, No. .•,'.•. 

 Cleveland, .Mt. Veriinii. :ind Columbus 



I J. I J., 1^7'J. 



Tuill No. 5,-) is in use; on tiic 



Pennsylvania It. It., Main Line, 188.">. 

 Illinois and St. Loui.s Itridj^e <'o., 1877. 

 Cundiorland and I'rmisvlvania R. R., 



1.S77-7'.). 

 IJaltimore and Ohio It. It., Is81. Also 



•!(>, *iO. at). 

 rittsi)tu-j;li, Ciiu'innati, ami St. Louis 



R. R., 1M81. Also till, No. ;,(;. 



liuil No. uG is in use on the 



Ponnsvlvania R. R. (Le,n.scd Lilies and 



Hraiichos), 188.S. 

 AlleKh.'ny Valley It. It., 1870. 

 I'ittsliurgli, l'"t. Wavne, and Chicago 



It. R., 188L 

 1S84. 



SprinKliel.l Southern It. K., 18k1. 

 Ciimherland and renus\ Ivaiiiu it. R., 



lH8t). 

 St. Louis, I ronMountuin, and Southern 



R. R.. 188L 

 lialtiinore and Ohio U. IJ., I88I. 

 B R 



I. 



