I i 



694 



REPORT — 1884, 



beds. In aubscqiicnt pajiiTH on tlio npo of tlio bcdscontainin^j Ilippnrion tlip sanio 

 writor sliows iTii.son.s foi- cluNsiiifir tlii'so strata in Italy, Franco ( \'aucIuHf), uiul 

 Germany ns intonnc<liat(' Ih'Iwim'Ii .Mioccno ami Plinccnc. This leaves tlie ditlieiillv 

 nnsolveil, for ho had sliown the I*il<erini beds to be liiirli in the I'iiocene systeiu. 

 'i'lioy rest nnconformably u])on certain fresh-water limestones, clays, &e., eontain- 

 inff plants and mollusca, and cLissed by (Jandry as Miocene, l)ut by Fnclis ns 

 Pliocene. Thus by both writers tlie manimaliferous beds of Pilcermi are referred 

 to a consiilerably later geological horizon tiian those containing identical species in 

 other parts fit' J'lnrojx', 



It would requu-e to(^ nnirh time to enter into tlie still nior(> <lil!icult qnestiim of 

 tho varion3])lant-bearing beds in dillereiit ])arts of Furope and in (ireenland con- 

 taining a flora classed by Ueer and others as .Miocene. ( ianlner has given reasons 

 for considering the (ireenland l)eds Jvicene ; Fuchs, as jnst stated, is of opinion that 

 the Greek beds arc Pliocene. One point .'^honld be noted, that the more northern 

 llora is considered older than the more sonthern, and it will lie remarked tlial llic 

 same observation applies to the supposed I'pper Mioccno fauna of Franco and Ger- 

 many and the Pikernii fauna of Greece. 



iSiirnlik. — The next instance whieh I slinll describe is another of the most im- 

 portant fossil mammalian faunas of the Old World, that found in the Upper Tertiary 

 beds that fringe the Himalayas on the south. The name applietl to this fauna is 

 taken from one of the localities in which it wa-i first found, the Slwalik (correctly, 

 I believe, Shib-vvala) hills, between tiie Devra Dun and the plains north by passl 

 of Delhi. Bones of Siwalik mammalia are found, however, throughout a consider- 

 able area of the Northern Punjab. 



The Siwalik fauna has been worlced out, chiefly by Falconer and Lj'dekler, the 

 last-named being still engaged in descriliingthe sjiecies. The following is a list of 

 the genera found in the true Siwalik beds : — ' 



ArAMM.VLIA. 



Primates. — Palmopithocvfi, 1 sp. ; Mnvanus, 2 ; Spvinnpithecns, 1 ; Cynocpphalm, 2. 

 Cahxivora. — Mustcln, 1 ; Aldlivora, 2 ; Mellivorodon, 1 ; Lutra, 'A ; Ibjann- 



dori, 1 ; UrsiiK, 1 ; Ilycenarrfufi, .'{ ; Caw's, 2 ; Vivcrra, '2 ; Ilytcna, 4 ; 



Jlj/epnictlt, 1; Lejit/ii/ccna, 1; yEluropsis, 1; Ailurogale, 1; Felis, 5; 



Maclxerodus, 2. 

 Proboscidfa. — Elephas, G {Euelophcift, 1 ; Loxodon, 1 ; Stcriodon, 4) : Madodon, h. 

 TJsovj.XTX.—C/inlicot/irrmm, 1; lihiiiorpros, 3; Equux, ]; Ilipparimi, 2; 



JTippopofamus, 1 ; Tetraronodon, 1 ; tSus, 5 ; Jlippuhyus, 1 ; Sanithrninn, 1 ; 



Mcri/copotamus, 1 ; Ccrviis, 3 ; Dorcatherinm, 2 ; Ti-atiulusi, 1 ; Mosr/nis, 1 ; 



Propalceomery.v, 1 ; Civnelopnvdalw, 1 ; Ilelladotherinm, I ; Jl)/da,ynf/irrin7n, 2; 



Sivaf/ierium, ]; Aleelaphus, 1; Gazella, 1: A/ifilopr, 2; Orens (?), 1; 



r<d(i>ory.v (?), 1 ; Porta.v, 1 ; Ilonihos, 3 ; Lcptohns, 1 ; JJuhtdus, 2 ; Bison, 1 ; 



lios, 3 ; B^icnpra, 1 ; Capra, 2; Ovis, 1 ; Vumclus, 1. 

 Rode:ttia. — Mus (^Nesokia), 1 ; lihizumys, 1 ; Jlysf.ri.v, 1 ; Lcpici, 1. 



AVE3. 



Gracnlus,!; 1, -a7ius,2; Lopfoptiln,!; Gen. non. det. ciconid.,1; Mergus,\\ 

 Struthio, 1 ; Uromceus, 1 ; Gen. non, det. struth., 1. 



PvEPTILIA. 



Orocodtlia. — Crocodilm, 1 ; Ghnrmlis, 3. 

 TjACKRTilia. — Vnranus, 1. 



CnEnoxrA. — Colosmchelys, 1 ; Testvdo,!; Bellia,2; Bamonia,!', Emys,\\ 

 Cautlcya, 1 ; Pangshura, 1 ; Emyda, 1 ; Trionyx, 1. 



' Lydekker, J. A. S. B. 1880, pt. .":', p. 34 ; Palrvmitflloriin Tndica, ser. x. vols. i. ii. 

 iii. ; liecordi Geol. Surv. India, 188o, p. 81. I am indebted to Mr. Lydekker for some 

 unpublished additions, and for aid in compiling both the Hiwalik and Pikermi lists. 



:ui.k_ 



