714 



REFOBT — 1884, 



the immense thickness of the seiuus, they ere more irrp<?ulftr in their dip than tlioje 

 of Cape ]$reton, with an mv^h' of from U)^ to '.HT. The total area m about thirtv-tivt' 

 square miles, hut owinj; to the extent of faults, a larj,'e portion of the coaliscit 

 oti"; the whole iielil forms an irrejrular basin, let down on all sides, anionj,' rocks Ji 

 older ape. 



Cumberland Couufi/. — This impiH'tant field has only recently been developed 

 on a larjje scale, tiie ])roductive measures extfiul fnmi the Jo^i-frins, on the shoj-.' .if 

 the Bay of Fundy, for more than twenty miles easterly, towards the base of t'.ie 

 (!obequid Hills. On the shore of the i5ay of I'lmdy, tiie exposure is of iiranou^e 

 thickness, estimattHi at I4,0()U feti, extendinir iVoni the Marine Limestones uf the 

 Lower Carboniferous to the top of ;ho Coal T'onnation. Its extent has not vct 

 been arrived at, 



Xiirth-West. — Tlie ninety—seventh meridian sqiarates ])ret(y exactly, the c lal- 

 bearinff formations of America into two classes. To the east, Carboniferous ; iu *lie 

 west, the coals and lifrnites are found at various horizons in the Secondary iind 

 Tertiary rocks. Their development has only connneiieed ; but when it i,- coii^ideivd 

 that outcrops of valuable seams are found eastv/ard of the Jtocky Mountains, nvm 

 the L'nited .States bouiulary, for hundreds of miles to tiie north, no anxiety may Iw 

 felt as to their extent. 



British Vuliimliia, — Very little exploration has Icen made in the mainlan<l. '.iic 

 coiils of Vancouver Island bein<^ easily accessible and of excellent quality. Tlie i-est 

 known liehis are those of Comox and Xauaimo, on the eastern shore of the islar.ii. 

 The measures dip mostly under the sea; they are variable, howev>'r, and req.. ire 

 the diamond drill to be used extensively; the coals are biltuninous and are c.ni- 

 sidered the best on the American I'acilic Coast, Two companies, the \VeIIin<rt Jii 

 and Vancouver, work extensive mines. 



ill 

 If III 



4. On the Ocolo'ii/ uf Halifax Ilarhoiir, Xoca '"'cutia, 

 Ihj the Kev."i3."H0M;vMAN', B.r.L., F.IU xJ. 



Halifax Harbour owes to its geolo^'y very many of the features by wliidi it 

 is characterised. Its formations are: 1st. Avhaan, I'nd. Lower CdinLriuif 

 invtamorphosed. (?rd. (ilaviitl. 



(1) Opposite McNabs Island and west of the main entrance the principal r.^ks 

 are Granites. Geinier rejrarded tiiese as primary, Professor Hind considers t!;^in 

 to be Luurentian (ineisKis, the aut!K>r, unstratitied rocks of Archajan age. 



(2) Gneissoid liochs and .Si7(/.<^<. — Th»! former, aiidalu-i'ic and ])yritous, are 

 associated with the granites. They are seen lying tm tiie granites, abutting »'^a\rA 

 them, dipping towards them, having an east and west strike, ami a southerly dip, 

 and iu no case di})ping away from them ; some of them appear to cross the 

 harbour, outcropping near the lighthouse and ou the island, and appearing at the 

 eastern passage. 



(;3) The ar(/illifcs of Halifax city occupy the west sideof the harbour, appearii? 

 fully at Pleasant Park. At Three Gun Ikttery Poiut there is a syncline on either 

 side. The argillites have only one feeble outcrop on the eastern side. TIio (Hily 

 other rocks to bt; seen are quartzites. These are at a considerable distance from 

 the harbour, reaching Dartmouth on the same side. The Halifax argillites are 

 seen to have crossed over in great force, and continue so imtil we come oppoi^ite 

 llichmond. At this place the Quartzites of Bedford Basin connect Avith the 

 Halifax Argillites, and also cross over to the Dartmouth side. Bedford Basin lias 

 Qiutrfzites with interbedded sliales and greenish tiatea on all sides. Occasionclly 

 they appear as ledges on the shore. The metiimorphism of the Cambrian seems ;>^ 

 have been ettected in Upper Cambrian and Lower Silurian times. Simultaneously 

 the harbour evidently had its beginning. 



(3) Glacial. — The argillites of Halifax and Dartmouth are universally glaciated: 

 exposed surfaces of rocks indicate the intensity of the action and the course ot 

 movement in a very striking manner. The author mentioned instances. Scmeol 

 the rutB show that the agent moved in a southerly direction. The general direction 



