TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION I). 



773 



■s in thp Pacific 

 II nd Terns, havt! 



J. Hklmslet. 



Pr/ 



unrjemns U 



roiifrh numemiifi 



Ionian history of 



the Uireo typical 



C'hillingbam art 



nd \\m Bos hm- 



\lr. Stoi'iT of tliii 

 ws. Tho aiitlir,r 

 g ; ho also fourd 

 ui-colourud. Hh 

 empt at crossin}: 

 herd the finest 



Evolution. 



uiihilative inter- 

 the spontaneou* 

 a whole appear- 

 snces limited and 

 subordinate ind'- 

 ctual evolution oi 

 ious dLsturbarice-. 

 well as intrinsic 



liversallj intran'- 

 utterly devoid of 

 lOUgh compound 

 8, this constitute- 

 mate composition 

 litest ['.ppreciablf 



organic units, all 

 neuts, are distic- 

 tic potentialities; 

 icutive periods of 

 rly supplemented 

 er and perpetuate 

 ts. 



naterial systems. 

 ixiliaries often as 

 irect operation of 



nts, no organiM- 

 ities would admit, 

 le limited expaa- 



tiou of the organic ^yorld c-om paved with tho elasticity potentially inherent in tho 

 rt-prodiu live capacities of it3 members. The more re.ntricted range of particular 

 irroup.'* i-< <lne to their more .Mpeci'.il need.-*, a.s well as to the necessarily nioro 

 luiiuenius obstacle.^ encountered ; tlie total aggregate having to .strive only again.sb 

 t!i,' resistances and encroachnient.s of inorganic nature, whereas each component part. 

 iui* iil."<o to contend with the competition and assault.^ of distinct congeners. Not 

 dulvtiie extent but al-^o tho configuration of organic di.^tribution is determined 

 liv the maimer in which the inward expan.-<ive and outward repre.i.sivo forces 

 c'niuteracl or overcome each other at tiieir several places of collision. At .-<omo 

 I iiits, from diminution of .susitenance, increa.st? of enemies or competitors, or from 

 ,,;liir adverse ci.'cumstance.'^, expansion may be checlved or contracted, while at 

 „;l.i'r pohitM, fn.m oppo.--ite causes, it may be permitted to an unusual extent, thus 

 Ifii.iiiig to frequent or perpetual oscillation.s of outline, varying on different 

 occii.-ioii.'', but always being a resultant of conflicts between ceutrifngally > vpand- 

 VM !inJ ('cnti ipetally compi'e.«sing force.'*. 



Thuiigii not so obvious, it is no le.-is conclu.sive that individual morphology, in 

 like niaiuiir, invariably results from the efforts of intrinsic or developmental 

 energies agaiiLst extrinsic or envelopmental restraints and encroachments. A 

 lioiuogeiii'ous unit expanding centrifugally from a single point, with equal intensity 

 in every dii'eetion, amidst an unre.^sting or uniformly resi.'^'ing medium would 

 retain an ab.solutely spherical ligure, its magnitude being a resultant of the equili- 

 brium between internal tension and external resistances ; any deviation from it.s 

 uritrinal synmietry indicating a. corresponding degree of inequality between 

 uir.tuiilly opposing iinviird ami outward forces at their several points of contact. 

 .'-^iicL a uiiiceiitral expanding system would have no internal conflicts, all the 

 ulKtacks to its evolutional tendencies being purely of external origin ; but a multi- 

 central or composite body, such as every complex organism re])re.sents, including 

 many distinct simultaneously evolving part.* mu.st necessarily be the subject of 

 interior lis well as exterior conditions of restraint, not oidy its total bulk and 

 jl'.apt', l)iit also the confirmation and relative po.^itiou of different organs, as well 

 ai the Incali.sation and composition of every ti.s8ue element, being consequences of 

 iiuilibvia between innumerable developmental tensions and envelopmental restraints, 

 ai.y modification in such an economy (wherever occurring and however induced) 

 pi/ssibly reverberating so as to effect its entire constitution. Every complete germ 

 at it.s inee])tion coiitiiins a certain specific potentiality or developmental capacity, 

 wiiicli, under an optimism of conditions would evolve a maximum of normal 

 results. 



The difierent cells in this incipient economy constitute a number of distinct 

 centres of latent or potential elasticity, which, by nutrition, become separate foci 

 of nuitually conflicting expansive energies. In such an interdependent arrange- 

 ment some parts may be unduly favoured and developed at the expense of incor 

 po''ated elements, yet in no possible way can any structure be made to evolve more 

 than was potentially included in its primitive organisation, for, while accessory 

 provisions are indispensable to development, these possess only a stimulative or 

 permissive value, never a creative power; their .share in the process consisting in 

 the liberation and determination of previously occluded inherent potentialities. 



Hence, when some new character is evolved or an old one modified (Avhether 

 abruptly in a single individual or gradually through a succession of generatioi:s 

 does not alter the case, genealogical attainments being never more than the sum < r 

 residtant of individual acquirements), this does not imply that such has been 

 directly annexed, or introduced ab cvtra, h\xi rather indicates that some unusual 

 facility has been afforded, or some previously imposed restraint relaxed ; the com- 

 munication of new facilities and the withdrawal of former restraints being equiva- 

 lent expre.ssions. 



Tile mere association, however, of developmental impulses and envelopmental 

 restraints could never issue in any definite progressive results unless subjected to tlio 

 determination of some controlling mechanism of order, so that the regularity, 

 definiteness, and consistency observable in organic reactions and relations, testify to 

 th.oad.litioiialcxistov.ce ar.d jtn-isdic'ii n of a supplementary princiidc of co-ordinative 





jfrfji 



\iv. 



:■'(»„>,, 



