- r 



! 



I '■:: 1 



851 



HKi'Our— 1884. 



Prices havo fluctuated 60». per ton, from 110^, to 00*. per ton of 80 per cent. 

 quality. 



Pure specimens of apatite contain about 02 per cent, of phosphate of lime 

 carjfo lots usually average 75 to HO per cent. 



Low freights are obtained by sliipa taking phosphate for ballast under dcil 

 carpoe-s at from 2s, (V/. to \0s. per ton. 



The use of phosniiates tinety ground, without acid, in being r()n.sid(>rp(l, and 

 efforts are being niaut* to coneentrate the phosphiito from low-gradi' ores. Faotoriej 

 are to be started near Montreal to make superphosphates. Phosphate lands have 

 .sold as liigh as iJ<l,2r)() por acre. 



J';xperiments made by Lawes showwl that the use of 8upernhosj)ha inorensej 

 the yield of an acre from two tons of turnips to eight tons. Tne use ot his article 

 as a fertiliser incren-es constantly as Knowledge increases and soil becomes 

 exhausted. 



Tho exports of phosphate increased from 5,102 tons in 1877 to 17,000 in 188'J 



G. The Fisherii's of Canada, By L. Z. Juncas. 



Tho principal points referred to in this paper were : — 



1. Extent of the Canadian fisheries; their importance as a .source of maritiniA 

 wealth and commerce; and as keeping in active training an independent ani 

 spirited cla.ss of sea-faring men. 



2. Extent of the tJanadian maritime coasts nud of numerous inland sens of the 

 Dominion. Varieties of tislies found in them. luuuenso field for industrj- and 

 enterprise. 



;$. Value of the Canadian fisheries botli commercially and eeonomicnllv. 

 Stati.stic3. Number of men tiiey employ. Tiieir rapid growtii. Tho amount nf 

 their annual ])roducts. Compnrition between them and the Great Britain and 

 United States fisiieries. Canadian mode of fisiiing compared with tliat ofotlur 

 countries. Wiiat the Government of C!anada has done to further develope its 

 lisheries. Fishery bureaux, societies, and commissions. 



4. Answer to the ([uestion, would not the (.)anailiau fisheries soon be exhausted 

 if they were carried on more extens- ely y Fishing in the ( -auadian waters by 

 foreigners and by native fishermen for the last three hundred yea 's. Abuiidunce 

 of fisii. Natural history of the commercial fishes of Canada. The arctic current 

 washing tho ('anadian coasts and bringing food for the commercial fishes, Opinion 

 of scien'ists on tiie matter. Area of the Dominion coasts washed by the «rctic 

 current. Theory regarding migrations of fish. 



6. The most important fishing-grounds and difTeront fisheries in Canada. 



6. Cod-fishery: its importance, its value. Habits of the cod. Cod-fisliiDj!; ] 

 season in the Canadian waters. Dait for cod. Mode of cod-fishing. Encourage- 

 ments given. Markets for the cod will never fail ; and wliy. Statistics. 



7. Industries inherent to the cod-fishery. Guano. Cod-roes: what quantity] 

 Canada could furnish ; markets for tliis article. Manufactures of ropes, lines, nets, 

 hoops, &c. Cooperage. 



8. Herring-fishery. .\ppearance of tlie herring on the Canadian coasts, 

 Abundance of this fish. Engli,sh herring-fishery compared with Canadian, Modes] 

 of preparing herring for market. 



9. Mackerel-fishery : its value : fleet of vessels engaged in it. Improvement in| 

 the building of vessels. Modes of preparing tlie mackerel for market. Markets 

 where Canadian mackerel are sent. 



10. Lobster-fishery. Enormous catch. Danger of over-production. Regula- 

 tions. How hard it is to revive a sliell-fishery. 



11. Oyster-beds. Oyster-fishery. 



12. Seal-fishery. 



13. Salmon-fi.siiery. Reasons of its decrease. More protection wanted. H}'* 

 fishing season too long. Pisciculture. Aimual yield of Canadian salmon-fishenr, 

 British Columbia salmon-fishery. Fresh-salmon trade. Statistics. 



