t::a.nmaciions of section v. 



855 



14. LtiVoB fishorit'fl. Trout, wliiU'-fish, sturgeon, bass, piko, maskiuoDffe, likc. 

 How carried on. Sti-amors employed in tho lakes fisheries. Annual value. vVhore 

 the fishes are sent to, find how sent. 



15. ('iinadian ii.siieries a great inducement for emigrants to come in tliis 

 country. 



10. (Jommerciul and ecouomical considerations relating to tho Canadiau 

 tiilicries. 



On the Aitplication of Scientific and Practical Arboriculture in Canada. 



Ihj Professor Bhown. 



v. The Diatrihution of Canadian Forest Trees. By A. T. Drommond. 



Tliu iiuthor pointed out that tliero are uinoty-livo species of forest trees in 

 Ciii;ii(]a. Tlie Province of Ontario has sixty-live species, of which .sixty-one are 

 t'liiirid ill the di.stricts honlerinjr Laice I'a'io. Of these sixty-five speeies fifty-two 

 txti'nd eiiHtward to the Province of (Quebec, thirty-five are found on tlie easterly 

 and westerly sides of Lake Superior, whilst only fourteen range westerly into the 

 prairie country at and Iwvond the Ued Itiver, Again, in British ( 'olumbia there are 

 iliirty-iive .species, of wlneh only seven extend eastward beyond thoinlluence of the 

 Umky iMountains, and with cue exception tho.se seven are well distributed over 

 ilie whole Dominion. Only three of the ( 'anadian trees are identical with European 

 species, — the chestnut, white birch, and yew. Canada may be divided into four 

 irrciit f'ore.st areas or zones, wiiieii may for convenience be termed tho zones of tho 

 U I Douglas fir, occupying central and southern Jiritish Columbia; (2) poplars, 

 covering tiie wiioie country from tho most nortliern limit of the growth of trees 

 snutliwunl, east of the Kncky Mountains, to tho Soutli Saskatchewan, Qu'Appello 

 and Winnipeg rivers, Lake Xepigon and Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 

 (;!) wiiite and red pine, extending from Lake of tho "Woods and Lake Nepigon 

 1(1 Anticosti, thence to the (leorgian Iky, Lower Ottawa lliver, and Nova Scotia ; 

 (4) heecii and maple, occupying those parts of Ontario and O • 'bee lying south of 

 the zone of the pines. Ahjng the shores of Lake Erie is v might bo almost 

 ivjfai'deil as a fifth zone, very circum.scribed in area, but ha..,.fj within it .several 

 outliers of the forests of the Middle States. The frequent peculiarities in range of 

 forest trees in ('anada are due toplnsicial condition.s and differences in climate, 

 rwiilting from differences in these conditions. 'Wa northern half of the American 

 t'oatiiient consist.s, on the one side, of enormous stretches of continuous land, and 

 lias, on the other, in its midst, immense areas of water and widely and deeply in- 

 liented siiores, Labrador and the great .section of country lying between Iludson 

 iky and the Great Jiakes and the Gulf of St. I^awrence bemg virtually one immense 

 jieiiinsula. The double effect of a northern latitude and the presence of these great 

 Iwdies of water is very marked ii.' the lower general temperature, the shorter 

 summers and more severe winters. These influences check the northern range of 

 forest trees beyond the outlet of Lake Superior, and, with the aid of the branch 

 Labrador current, prevent tlieir extension down the St. Lawrence below Quebec. 

 'llie great chain of lakes from Superior to Ontario have not only their etlect on 

 temperature, but, by their great width, create a barrier to the northward extension 

 into Canada of many United States forest trees. A remarkable feature in forest 

 tlistribiition is the fact ti it immediately we:<t of Lake Superior many of the most 

 important trees, as white pine, bass wood, red oak, and sugar maple are no longer 

 found. The prairie appears to form a barrier to westward distribution. Tiie 

 prniries were probably at one time covered with trees which have been destroyed by 

 tire. The eflect of this has been to create a less rainfall, a quicker drainage from 

 tlie .soil, a dry atmospliere, and constant exposure to high prairie winds, all of which 

 appear to be inimical to many forest trees. British Columbia has a distinctive 

 forest area of its own. The trees are largely of the pine family, and, with seven 

 eweptions, do not range east of the Rocky Mountains. They are similar to tliose 

 of Oregon and Washington, and the direction of the mountain ranges and similar 



#ii 



