866 



UKI'oltT 1H84. 



imuMi' 



siiccosslon.t, nnd tliat coimti'ios which liavo public lands .should grant them an lea o 

 instead of alienalinf,' thcni in perpetuity. 



4. That the economic commune sliould be re-estahliHlied with the Alliiwn(l,af,\[ 

 has continued to exist in Switzerland iVom the earliest times. 



5. That a land tax should he imposed and revised iVom time to time, in siiclin 

 way tiuit tlie increase ol' income wliich is the result of tlie ener>,'ies and pro{rri«< 

 of the whole society .«iiould •,'(), at least in part, to the profit of the State. 



0. That conipen.sation should be ^iven by law to the tenant for all miexl 

 Improvements. 



4. Female Emigrafion. Bij !Miss Mai.ia Rye. 

 5. Female Enwiration. Bij !Mrs. Buirr. 

 C. Fcmalr Fmi'gratwn. By Mrs. Joyce. 



7. Po])vlation, ImmigraUon, and Pnnperifun iti the Bomlnn n of Canada. 



Bij J. Lowe. 



it > 



8. On flie Brobahilitij that a Miirriarje evtcred info at ainj ^Ir/c vill J." 

 Fruitful, and that a Marriage which liaa hrcn Childlrss for sereral ymn 

 vjill suhscquenthj hrcome Fruitful. Bij T. ]}. SpitAGUK, M.A. 



The ai'.tlior stated tliat thissulijt'ct is of preat practical importance in rdnnMiin]! 

 whli disentail proceedings in Seothvnd. Any entail can now be cut off by pavii : 

 to certain of the expectant heirs the calculated values of their ex])ectatifnis >: 

 succeeding to the estate. When the proprietor is a bachelor, or a married iii;i:! 

 without children, and the cxp(?ctant heir is a brother, nephew, or remoter relatimi. 

 the expectant interest of the latter is liable to be defeated by the birth of is«U', 

 and the probability of this has to he taken into account in calculating the value n:' 

 the expectant interest. Scarcely any statistical information bearing on tlii.s piint 

 seems ever to have been published, and the author therefore found it neces.<arv i ' 

 compile statistics from the records of the Briti.'h peerage. He extract(>d particuLu- 

 of the marriages of 1522 men who were either peers at the close of tlit' vea'' 

 1870, or their near relatives — brothers, sons, uncles — tlu> fathers being exnliukd fnv 

 the oljvious reason that, as they all left at least one son. the inclusion of tlieiii in 

 the observations would give too large a proportion of fruitful mar/iages. Other 

 precautions were taken, which are fully described iu 'ilie author's pajjevs on tlif 

 subject, about to be published in the 'Journal of the Institute of Actnarie.s.' 



The general results obtained from aji examination of the circumstances of tli' 

 1 522 marriages are shown in the following table : 



In only about one-third of the cases could the wife's ago at marriage 

 ascertained. For these the results were as follows: 



