Tll.\N!!?.\<Tl()N;S (»K SKCTIO.N II. 



yu9 



nnJ tlifir iiilitiliitaiitH, diiiwii up liy Major J. W. rdwdl, ol" tlio Riircnii of 

 Kilinolo/jy. "ii'l Mr. riilimin, jI'IIh- I'l'uliudy Mii.-i'imi, disclo-ic ilicold (Mimiiiiiiistic 



■ vlely .siirviviiiji in iiHPili.'rii times, in iiislriictiv.' cnmnifnt on lli(« pliilo.sopht'r.s wIk) 

 ;,;. ...fi'kiii^'' to ivtiirii to it. It would lie jirciiiuturc in tiic juvsi.ut hImIo oi'inloniui- 

 ■idu to decide wlu-liit-r Mv. .1. I,. .Mor;.'iiii, in Ids work on tlif ' Ilounes und Iloust-- 

 ;ii;. of tilt' Aniericiiu .\.liorii.'iiie!t,' ha.>* n aliped tiu' conditions of tlic pnddeui. It 

 . pliiusiliii- to .su|i|ioi<i' willi Idu) a coniieclion l)et\Vfi'n the communal dwidlin^'s of 

 ■!i,' AiiKirican Indians, such as tin- Iroquois lonjjr-lionse with its many family 

 j.artlis, with tho mure solid huildiii;js iidialiiti-d on a similar social priMcipj't' 



V tribes such as thf Zuuis of Nfw Ah'xico. Morfran was so much a nian of 

 villus, that his spt'culatioiis, even when at variance with the ptMiiTal view of thi» 

 :,i,is. are ahvav.'* su^i|:i'stivf. This is the case with his attempt to account for the 

 r.'iiiilsation of the A/.tee state as a hi^'hly-de\ eloped Indian tvihal conununilv, and 

 .\,Mi to explain the many-ioomeii stone palaces, as they aie called, of Central 

 Ami'iica, as heiny hue-e comnuinal dweilin^^s like thoM' of tlu- I'uelilo Indians. I 

 ■rill not jro furl iier into the suhject here, hopinir that it may he deliated in tha 

 vction by those far Letter ac(|uainted with the evidence. I nl'ed not, for the sanw 

 asiiii, do mucli more than mention the luound-lmilders. nor enter hiri:ely on the 

 ivTiiture whi<h ha> ^mmwu up atiout them since the jiuhlieation of tlie woiii,< 



;' Srpiicr nnil Davis. Now that the idea of their iieiuLT a separate rai f liiLdi 



iiiiiquity has died out, and their earthworks witli the implements and ornaments 



■ mml amoujj; them are Ijroujrht into comparison with those of other tri'ics of the 



, luiitry, they have settled into representatives of one of the most notahle >tii).'es of 

 !:>' northward drift of culture anion;.' tl;e indieenes of America. 

 Concludinp this lon^r survey, we cometo llie ])ractical f(uestion how tlie >iimuhis 



: tiie present uieetinj^' may he used to promote antln'opolo^'y in Canada. It is not 

 a<if the work were now here, indeed .some of its best evidence has been ^rathcied 



II this j.'roiind from the days of the French missionaries of the seventeenth century. 

 Naturally, in this part of the country, the rudimentary stae'es of tlunieht then to !« 

 loiiiid among' the Indians havf^ mostly disa]ipeare(l. For instance, in the native 



iiici'ptions of souls and spirits the crudest animistic ideas were in full force. 

 I)ream3 were looked on as real events, and the phantom of a li\ in;r or a deail man 

 •i^n in a dream was consi(h'red to be that man's ]iersonality and life, that is, his 

 •ml. IJeyoud this, by logical extension of the .same train of thougiit, every animal 



r plant or object, inasmuch ns its phantom could he seen away from its material 

 l/ody in dreams or visions, was held to havtt a soul. No one ever found this ]»rimi- 

 liVf conception in more perfect form than Father Lallemant, who describes in the 

 'lli'latious des .lesuites' (10:.J(i) how, when the Indians buried kettles and furs- 



vith the dead, the bodies of these thiiiffs remained, but the souls of them went to 

 'iie dead men who used them. So Father Le .leiine describes iht; souls, not only 



fmen and animals, hut of hatchets and kettles, cro.s8inf;;- the water to the Great 

 Villa^'e out in the sunset. The "■eiiuineness of this idea of object-souls is proved liy 



".her independent explorers iinding them elsewhere in the world. Two of the 

 icounts most closely tallyiiijf with the American, come from the Ilev. Dr. Mason, 

 ill Birma, and the Ilev. J. Williams, in Fiji, That is to say, the most characteristic 

 ilevelopiueiit of early aiumism belongs to tho same region as the most characteristic 

 il'velopment of matriarchal society, extending from .south-east Asia into Melanesia 

 ;.nil Polynesia, and North and South America. l']veryone who studies tho history 



i' human thought must see the value of such facts as these, and the importance of 

 ;atliering them up among the, rude tribes who preserve them, before they nass into 

 ■mew stage of culture. All who have read Mr. Hale's studies on the lliawatha 

 k'end and other Indian folWore, must admit tliat the native traditions, with their 

 :';TigQients of real history, and their incidental touches of native religi<m, ought never 

 'I he left to die out unrecorded. In the Dominion, especially in its outlying district* 

 toward the Arctic region and over the Kocky Mountains, there is an enormous mass 

 uf authropological material of high value to be collected, but this collection must 

 W done within the next generation, or there will be little left to collect. The small 

 group of Canadian anthropologists, able and energetic as they are, can manage and 

 control this work, but cannot do it all themselves. "What is wanted is a Canadian 



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