YO 



GULLS. 



li 



third to fifth primnries ])lack at the ends and with white tips; hind toe very 

 small, a mere kiioh unlhout a nail ; bill yellowitth, feet black. Ad. in winter. 

 — Similar to above, but the top of the head and back of the neck washed with 

 pearl-frray, and a dark spot about the eye. Im. — Similar to winter adults, 

 but with the back of the neck, lesser wing-coverts, and part of the tertiuis 

 black ; tail, except outer pair of feathers, with a black band at its tip; four 

 outer primaries black, except the inner half or more of their inner webs; fifth 

 and sixth tipped with black and white; bill black, feet yellowish. L., 16-00; 

 W., 12-00; T.,4-50; B., 1-30. 



Meinarks. — This .species can always be distinguished by tlie small size of 

 the hind toe. 



Jiantje. — Northern parts of the northern hemisphere; in America, breed- 

 ing commonly from the Magdalen Islands northward, and wintering as far 

 south us the Great Lakes in the interior, and, on the coast, commonly to Long 

 Island, and rarely to Virginia. 



Long Island, common T. V., a few v.inter, Nov. to Mch. 



Ke-»t, of grass, moss, and seaweed en the ledges of rocky cliffs, f^iffff, 

 tlirce to four, varying from shades of buffy to grayish brown, distinctly and 

 obscurely marked with cliocolate, 2-'25 x 1-ttO. 



"Our bird differs but little in its habits from other oceanic Gulls. 

 Feeding chiefly on fish, but accepting any diet that drifts within range 

 of its keen sight ; drinking salt water in preference to fresh ; breasting 

 a gale with ease and grace — soaring in midair, skimming close above 

 the crested waves, or swooping into the trough for a coveted morsel ; 

 resting upon the rolling billows, and sleeping serenely as they roll, 

 with head tucked snugly under a wing; wandering in loose flocks, 

 and making comrades of other wanderers ; devoted to mate and young, 

 and attached to all its kin — wherever seen or however employed, the 

 Kittiwake is revealed as a typical gleaner of the sea. 



" The name is derived from the bird's singular cry, which resembles 

 the syllables kitti-aa, kitli-aa " (Chamberlain). 



48« Iiarus glaucus Brunn. Gi-Ai-cors Gi-ll; BrnooMASTEu. Ad. 

 in summer.— ^wk and wings pale pearl -gray; priuuirics lightly tinted with 

 pearl, inner half of tiicir inner webs and tips fading gradually into white; 

 rest of the plumage pure white. Ad. in ?r/«^«-r.— Similar to the above, but 

 with the head and neck lightly streaked with grayish. //«.— Upper i>arts 

 varying from ashy gray to white, the feathers widely barred, mottleil, or 

 streaked with butfy or ashy gray ; primaries varying from paie smoky gray 

 to pure white; tail ashy or brownish gray; under parts varying from dirty 

 whitish to asliy gray, genenilly darker on the belly, sometimes mottled with 

 butfy or grayish. (Hirds of the second year are said to be pure white.) L., 

 28-00; W., 17-10; B., 2-3.'i; depth of B. at projection on the lower mandible, 

 •75 to 1-00; Tar., 2-(iO. 



/»Vi«f/«'.— Northern parts of the northern hemisphere; in North America 

 breeding commonly from soutiiern Labrador northward and migrating eouth- 

 ward to the Great Lakes and Long Island. 



